Materials on career guidance at school. Career guidance and self-determination of schoolchildren and adults. navigatum. For working with high school students, we recommend videos about professions and choosing a life path

Materials on career guidance for specialists: videos, cartoons for schoolchildren and adults.

For developmental lessons about professions and work with preschoolers cartoons offered" IN THE WORLD OF PROFESSIONS ".

Colorful cartoon poems about a variety of professions for children and preschoolers. For the convenience of the teacher conducting developmental classes, a detailed lesson script with questions, riddles, and thematic games is provided.

To conduct career guidance classes with primary and secondary school students - animated series " NAVIGATUM Kaleidoscope of Professions ".

Each episode lasts about 6.5 minutes and is a capacious story about a specific profession. What does this professional do, what kind of workplace does he have, what personal qualities are required, where can he get a profession and how much to study, what are his material and career prospects - and much more. Each cartoon has a game plot, which makes it interesting for schoolchildren, and career guidance an exciting activity. For the convenience of teachers, a detailed description of the entire course of the lesson is offered for each cartoon, divided by level of difficulty (age), and a useful guide is attached. additional information, questions for discussion, a little game.

For work with high school students we recommend videos about professions and choice of life path.

Modern videos on behalf of the same schoolchildren, thinking about the choice of their future profession and place of study, about developing an individual trajectory for their educational, professional and personal path.

For help unemployed adults to navigate in-demand professions and help correlate your personal qualities with the professionally important qualities of professions, we offer a career guidance series " ALL-SABLE ".

Each episode lasts 6 minutes and talks about the profession from the perspective of an adult.

This product provides specific assistance in overcoming fear due to a change in activity or search for a new job. Provides detailed, up-to-date overview of in-demand blue-collar and engineering professions. After watching the episode, an adult can take an express questionnaire to get an answer to the question of whether this profession is suitable for him or not. This test allows you to determine the correspondence between personal qualities and professionally important qualities of the profession.

For psychological support and motivation unemployed citizens are recommended to pay attention to specialized products for psychologists .

This is a unique and effective tool for conducting group and individual lessons psychologist. If you need to relieve fears, overcome stress or uncertainty, provide motivation for personal growth and problem solving, materials with parables and exercises will help you. Convenient to use, easy to select the desired fragment, availability of video and audio versions - this material will become an indispensable assistant in your work!

For informing unemployed citizens for self-employment We offer a selection of video materials " I'M A BUSINESSMAN ".

Identify the abilities and degree of readiness of the unemployed for entrepreneurial activity, clearly inform about the procedure and conditions for providing financial assistance from Employment Centers; provide succinct and understandable information and recommendations on preparing a business plan, the necessary entrepreneurial skills and knowledge, the basics of entrepreneurship, and much more.

To work with unemployed citizens, we offer materials on SOCIAL ADAPTATION .

Visual and easy-to-use materials with recommendations on job search, rules for writing a resume, preparing for self-presentation and conducting an interview.

We will promptly prepare an offer for you and contact you in a convenient way (by email, Skype or phone).

Municipal educational institution

average secondary school No. 50 with recessed

studying individual subjects of the city. Samara.

Methodological development for career guidance:

In the world of professions.

Samara 2010-2011 academic year Goals:
- introduce students to the diverse world of the profession;
- identify students’ existing knowledge about professions;
- expand knowledge, horizons, vocabulary students;
- form cognitive interest to working people and their professions;
- cultivate respect for people of different professions.

1. Introduction.

Choosing a profession. What a huge meaning is filled with a seemingly familiar phrase, how many hidden emotions, anxieties, expectations, problems are hidden in it!

After all, this is not just a successful or unsuccessful decision made in youth, but often an established or broken fate, an active, creative, joyful life or a passive, indifferent existence; finally, this is one of the most important components and conditions of human happiness, the consciousness of one’s need for people or the feeling “ little man" Who to become?

A person chooses a business. But business also chooses a person. How to make their interests coincide? What do you need to know to make the right, conscious choice?

Firstly, know yourself, know what you want, what you can do best. This can only be learned through activity, through communication with others. It is necessary to offer the student the most different types labor, by engaging in which he can try them on for himself, test himself.

Thirdly, a student wants to find a profession, people need, opening up space for creativity, initiative, and independence. This means that it is necessary to show the social importance of each profession.

Fourth, you need to know the requirements that the profession places on a person (including health status, physical development), as well as what qualities of character, level of culture and education ensure the achievement of professional heights.

2. Main part

Each teenager has his own idea of ​​professional labor activity. It is necessary to identify the range of professions that are most significant for a particular student.

Answer the question: do I want to continue doing what my parents do (pros and cons).

Leading.

The day will come when school ends and you will be faced with the question “what should I become?” How well you choose future profession How much you like it will largely determine your future path in life. And in order to choose the right profession for yourself, you need to know what people in this profession do and its characteristics.

Leading.

If we turn to the Russian language dictionary, we will read that a profession is a type of work activity, an occupation that requires certain training and is usually a source of existence.

Speciality- a separate branch of science, technology, craftsmanship or art; the same as profession.

Qualification - the degree of preparation for any type of work, the level of preparedness.

Is it possible to know the world of professions? It is practically boundless. We will try to find out only a small part of it.

4 Presenter.

When the problem of choosing a profession faced our ancestors, how did they solve it?

After the abolition of serfdom (1861), especially in the 90s of the 19th century, a labor market took shape in Russia, and large machine factories grew at a rapid pace. The network of professional educational institutions. School teachers began to understand that it is not enough to give children knowledge, it is important to prepare them for independent adult life. Help in choosing a profession has become a pressing issue.

IN major cities offices appeared where one could find out about vacancies in factories and factories. However, the organizers of this type of service demanded high payments, and often clients became dependent; people who came for help were exploited and humiliated. At the end of the 19th century. city ​​intermediary bureaus were established - they already provide information about work free of charge. In Moscow, such bureaus began operating in 1897, and later similar services arose in other industrial centers. At first the bureaus acted as public organizations, but during the First World War they became de facto labor exchanges and received the status of state institutions.

An organizational basis has emerged for the work of teachers, doctors, economists and psychologists to support people in choosing a profession, “searching for work” for teenagers.

The scientific foundation in this area was formed by the work of hygienists who studied occupational diseases. Thus, at the expense of the Moscow zemstvo, S.M. Bogoslovsky’s book “The System of Professional Classification” (1913) was published, which was used in career guidance by many teachers and psychologists.

Leading.

There are professions that cannot be practiced until old age. Nature imposes its own limitations on human activity. What professions are these?

When choosing a “short” profession, you need to be prepared for the fact that sooner or later you will have to decide what to do next.

It is unique not only in the sense that for more than forty years of the history of astronautics, everything globe It was mastered by a small number of people, but also due to a number of inherent features and circumstances accompanying its development. Unique in terms of training conditions and set of requirements. The most difficult task is controlling the ship, working in outer space. At its core, the profession is close to that of an operator: an astronaut deals with a large amount of equipment and information.

Mosaicist. Nowadays this is a rare profession. You need to have artistic abilities, a keen sense of color, shades, texture, and be able to see a particle of the whole image in a tiny fragment. And it is also important to be very patient, hardworking and persistent. You can learn a profession at a specialized art educational institution - for example, at the department of monumental painting of the Stroganov Moscow State University of Art and Industry. You can become an apprentice mosaic artist.

Leading.

We have reminded you only of a small fraction of what exists in the world of professions.

We encourage you to test what suits you best.

While the test results are being summed up, you can conduct a career guidance game.

The goal of the game is to increase the level of awareness of possible obstacles on the path to professional goals and ideas about ways to overcome these obstacles.

This game exercise is carried out in a circle, the number of participants is 6-8 or 12-15. Time 20-30 min.

Stage 1. Together with the group, a specific professional goal is determined (entry to a specific educational institution; graduation from this institution; registration for a specific place of work or a specific professional achievement, including building a career and receiving awards, bonuses...)

Stage 2. The group selects a volunteer who will “represent” the hero or himself.

Stage 3. General instructions: “Now everyone, already knowing what goals our main character, will have to identify for him some difficulties on the way to his professional goal.

We pay special attention to the fact that difficulties can be both external, coming from other people or from some circumstances, and internal, contained within the person himself.

It is these difficulties that many often forget about. It is advisable to identify two or three such difficulties. When identifying difficulties, everyone must think about how to overcome them.

The main player is given time to identify several of the most likely difficulties on the way to his goal and prepare to answer how he plans to overcome them.

After this, everyone in turn will name one difficulty - a trap, and the main player must immediately say how this difficulty could be overcome. The player who names this difficulty will also have to say how it could be overcome.

The facilitator, with the help of the group, will determine whose coping option turned out to be the most optimal.

The winner will be given a +. If by the end of the game the main player has more advantages, it means that he was able to overcome the main difficulties on the way to his goal.

Stage 8. The host, with the help of the other players, determines whose option is more interesting.

Conclusion.

There are a lot of professions. Therefore, it is difficult to choose.

And the force with which you can overcome this difficulty is awareness, human awareness. Useful information about the world of professions, about the paths vocational education- this is what you need when thinking about your future professional path.

This development will help students find out what they want and what they can do best, test themselves in activities where they can best realize their inner potential, which opens up space for creativity, initiative, and, therefore, make the right, conscious choice of profession.

References.

Lesson on the topic: “Professiogram and its importance in choosing a profession”

Purpose of the lesson:

• introduce students to the concept of “professiogram”
• explain to students the importance of using professiograms when choosing a profession
• teach students to useBank of interactive professionograms

A professionogram is a system of signs that describe one or anotherprofession , and also includes a list of norms and requirements imposed by this profession orspecialty To employee .

In particular, a professional profile may include a listpsychological characteristics that representatives of specific professional groups must meet.

Professionogram - this is a generalized reference model of a successful specialist in a given field

In essence, it should be a set of scientifically based standards and requirements of the profession for the psycho-physical characteristics of a specialist, his personality, professional knowledge, skills and abilities.

Unfortunately, we can say that at present there is no complete and high-quality set of professiograms, even in relation to the most widespread professions, which is caused by a number of objective reasons.

• The first of them is the high cost of such work, since the creation of even one high-quality professiogram requires the hard work of a whole team of specialists - both psychologists and experts in this profession
• The second reason is the huge variety of specialties within one profession.

Bank of interactive professionograms

We present to your attention an information portal for professional guidance and professional self-determination, where you can receive the following electronic services:

• Get acquainted with professional profiles for specialties and professions in demand in the labor market. To do this, select the type of profession, and then the profession that interests you.
• Pass career guidance testing to receive recommendations on the type of profession that is most suitable for you.
• Pass psychological testing to determine the severity of your professionally important qualities required for a particular profession or specialty. To do this, go to the section of the professional program “Requirements for individual characteristics specialist."

The bank of interactive professionograms was created on the basis of the typology of professions by E.A. Klimov on the subject of work:

• Man-man
• Man-technique
• Sign Man
• Man-artistic image
• Man-nature

You are presented with professions of the "HUMAN-HUMAN" type

• Doctor
• Journalist
• Manager
• Entrepreneur
• Psychologist
• Social worker
• Teacher
• Lawyer
• Master of Industrial Training
• Nurse
• Waiter
• Seller of non-food products
• Food seller
• Secretary of the head
• Insurance agent
• Sales Representative

Each professional profile includes the following sections:

• Presentation of the profession
• Type and class of profession
• Contents of the activity
• Working conditions
• Medical contraindications
• Basic education
• Paths to obtaining a profession
• Areas of application of the profession
• Career prospects

As an example, consider the Professionogram of an economist

• Economist - specialist involved in financial analysis economic activity. An economist is a specialist who analyzes the activities of an enterprise, develops schemes of economic actions for the future in order to save and reduce costs, identify reserves, build a competent economic policy development.
• An economist is one of the most significant specialists in an enterprise or organization. No enterprise can operate without a business plan. It is this employee who sets the vector of movement for the joint efforts of all employees. You need to set your priorities and goals correctly in order to get maximum profits with minimal losses.
• To work as an economist, you need to have a specialized education, successful experience in drawing up business plans, the ability to conduct research based on formulas and available data, analytical thinking and mastery of special programs.

Advantages of the profession:variety of activities, impact on economic processes.

Profession restrictions:high competition in the labor market

Type and class of profession

• The profession of an economist belongs to the type"Man - Sign", it is associated with working with symbolic information: texts, numbers, formulas and tables, calculations. It requires logical abilities, the ability to concentrate, interest in working with information, developed attention and perseverance, and the ability to operate with numbers.
• 
  The profession of economist belongs to the class"heuristic", it is associated with analysis, research, control and planning. It requires originality of thinking, a desire for development and constant learning.

• An economist is a specialist who analyzes financial and economic activities.
• The production process is continuous, so ensuring the functioning of all its factors is the main task of economists. Economists not only collect the necessary statistical material, tabulate it, group it, calculate it, plan it, but they themselves are the organizers of production.
• In the process of implementing the plan and when unforeseen deviations occur, they take them into account and issue the necessary recommendations to management.
• An economist analyzes the economic activities of an enterprise, recommends methods of saving, as well as improving the financial results of the organization. Other tasks of an economist include: searching for hidden reserves of an enterprise, preventing unnecessary expenses and losses. In general, the work of an economist is aimed at increasing the efficiency of using various resources of an enterprise and organization.
• The work of an economist is also related to documents, calculations and interaction with enterprise employees.

Requirements for the knowledge and skills of a specialist

• To successfully master the profession of an economist, basic knowledge of economics and mathematics is required.
• 
  A qualified economist should know:
• economics, mathematics;
• statistics, data processing programs;
• market patterns, financial transactions;
• document flow, maintenance standards economic activity at the enterprise, etc.
• 
  A qualified economist must be able to:
• analyze significant amounts of data;
• conduct research based on formulas and available data;
• draw up business plans, design changes, etc.

Requirements for the individual characteristics of a specialist

• To be successful as an economist, you must have the following professionally important qualities:
• tendency to work with information
• developed logical abilities
• ability to concentrate
• developed mathematical abilities
• emotional stability

Working conditions

• An economist can work either independently or in a team that may consist of several specialists. Most often, representatives of this profession work indoors. These can be offices of companies and organizations. Work occurs primarily while sitting, using a computer. Typically, this is a quiet activity, with little travel or business meetings.
• An economist is quite independent in his activities. He can make his own decisions within the framework of the assigned tasks, limited by the rules and regulations of his profession.

Medical contraindications

• Medical restrictions for an economist:

• diseases of the musculoskeletal system;
• nervous system;
• cardiovascular system;
• organs of vision;
• mental illness;
• attention disorders;
• thinking disorders.

In the presence of these diseases, work in the profession of economist can lead to deterioration of health, as well as create insurmountable obstacles to mastery and growth within this profession.

IN modern world the requirements for the psychophysiological individual characteristics of a person are steadily growing, and the goals and nature of work, thanks to market relations, impose on people the need for increasingly higher professionalism in their chosen profession, readiness for constant professional development and personal development. In such a situation, school vocational guidance becomes more relevant than ever and should provide quality training for students of all ages.

is a set of actions to identify schoolchildren’s inclinations and talents for certain types of professional activities, as well as a system of actions aimed at developing readiness for work and assistance in choosing a career path. It is implemented directly during the educational process, as well as in extracurricular and extracurricular work with students and their parents.

Preparing students for an independent, conscious choice of profession should be an obligatory part of the harmonious development of each individual and inextricably considered in conjunction with physical, emotional, intellectual, labor, aesthetic education schoolchild, i.e. be integrated into the entire educational process, and therefore career guidance work in schools is one of the most important components in the development of both an individual and society as a whole.

Goals of school career guidance work

Objectives of school career guidance work

• Conducting information work with students: familiarization with professional profiles, information about current and future needs in the labor market, working conditions and possible wages, further development within the chosen profession
• Obtaining, studying and using information about the capabilities, inclinations, and interests of schoolchildren in order to help them make their own choice of profession.
• Development and implementation of a large number of different options specialized training: programs, lessons, forms, methods, excursions, etc.
• Support for schoolchildren at risk who may have problems finding employment: those who are lagging behind in their studies, those from special education classes.
• Together with institutions of higher or secondary vocational education, ensure the preparation and smooth transition of students to the next level of education.

Main components of vocational guidance for school students

Since vocational guidance as a whole is a large, complex system that includes many aspects and directions, five main components can be distinguished: economic, medical-physiological, pedagogical, psychological and social.

Economic component– consists of studying the structure of the labor market labor resources from a demographic point of view, working conditions, professional incompetence of the resulting workers, and ways to increase motivation to work. It is also a process of assistance and gentle guidance in choosing a particular specialty, taking into account both the interests of the child and the planned needs of the market.

Medical and physiological component– assistance in choosing a profession, taking into account the student’s individual physical capabilities or medical contraindications. Familiarize students with the requirements of various professions.

Pedagogical component– consists of instilling in schoolchildren socially significant reasons and motives for choosing a profession.

Psychological component– reliable study, identification of psychological aspects of professional suitability, personality structure and the formation of a specific professional orientation.

Social component- consists of research various information related to professions or the labor market as a whole: popularity, prestige, profitability, public opinion, degree of satisfaction with the chosen profession. Also, in the social component of career guidance, work is being done to form value orientations among schoolchildren for an informed choice of a future profession.

Career guidance at school is undoubtedly a necessary component along with basic education, and thanks to constant work on building a holistic system, taking into account individual and age characteristics students, children get the opportunity to independently decide on a profession, engage research projects for the purpose of development and deeper acquaintance with professions with the help of teachers and parents.

To be most effective, career guidance must be an ongoing process that begins as early as kindergarten, smoothly transitions to school and continuously accompanies the student throughout the entire educational journey until graduation, gently helping and guiding him. Thus, the starting point of the difficult path to choosing a profession is the senior groups of kindergarten, where game form the child gains an understanding of work, the diversity of the world of professions, respect for the work of others and the desire to choose the best and most interesting profession are instilled in them. Role-playing games They help both parents and educators, as well as the child himself. The former get an idea of ​​the desires, inclinations and abilities of children, while the latter, in addition to simply having an interesting time spent, begin to acquire skills and abilities useful in later life, trying on one profession or another. Vocational guidance in kindergarten is described in more detail in our material “Career Guidance for Preschool Children.”

In school career guidance, it is advisable to distinguish 4 large stages, differing in goals, objectives and methods used depending on the age of the students:

Primary school, grades 1-4

At this stage, the acquaintance with professions that began in kindergarten continues through career guidance lessons with invited specialists, excursions, thematic extracurricular activities, matinees, etc. For schoolchildren primary classes a value attitude towards work is formed through direct inclusion in various types educational and cognitive activities (play, work, social, research) interests and the need to learn develop.

Already in elementary school It is important not to miss the moment and to interest the children in the upcoming choice of profession in time. A large number of circles will be of great help, additional classes according to interests. For students starting from grade 3, you can gradually introduce psychological games and classes.

To obtain detailed material on the possibilities and structure of career guidance in elementary school, you can refer to the article “Career guidance in elementary school, grades 1-4.”

Middle school, grades 5-7

As children enter secondary school, career guidance continues with a variety of games: business, career guidance, and psychological. This achieves an expansion of knowledge about the world of professions and provides the opportunity to take the first steps towards choosing a profession that is interesting to oneself. Schoolchildren begin to realize their interests and capabilities, acquire basic ideas about the areas of possible specialties, and become familiar with the requirements of various professions.

A detailed description of career guidance work at this stage can be read in the material “Career Guidance in high school, 5-7 grades."

Secondary school, grades 8-9

With the approach of the first graduating class and the first serious state exams, career guidance work moves from games and excursions to targeted assistance by students in further education, which will narrow the range of possible choice of professions and facilitate further educational and work paths.

In grades 8-9 active diagnostic work school psychologist, lessons on conscious choice of profession are conducted. Schoolchildren study more serious professions that place increased demands on employees (Ministry of Emergency Situations, education, medicine, etc.). Optional classes and in-depth interest groups begin to play an even greater role in realizing one’s own values ​​and interests and making an informed choice of profession.

The school psychologist, together with teachers, provides individual and group consultations on the choice of a particular profession, the adequate balance of interests, abilities, health of the child and the requirements of the profession.

A separate material, “Career Guidance in Secondary School, Grades 8-9,” is devoted to graduating from high school.

High school students, grades 10-11

This is the most important stage of school career guidance, the success of which largely depends on quality work in primary and secondary schools. The school psychologist further expands his consulting activities for students and their parents. The school hosts presentations from leading universities in the city and organizes excursions to open days.

Much attention is paid to the self-development and self-training of high school students, discussion and possible adjustments to future professional plans, preferences for the chosen professions are finally formed, and readiness for them is assessed.

The article “Career Guidance for High School Students, Grades 10-11” offers a detailed description of the process of career guidance in high school, the selection of the necessary Unified State Exams and the necessary steps for admission to a higher educational institution.

Working with students

• Meetings with interesting people, representatives of professions, representatives of higher educational institutions and employer companies.
• Excursions to enterprises and universities.
• Extracurricular activities, interest groups, in-depth study items.
• Help determine need additional education and choosing courses at school or outside of it.
• Questioning students.
• Comprehensive career guidance support throughout the entire period of schooling (consultations, testing, classes, trainings, etc.).

Working with parents

• Individual conversations and consultations for parents of students.
• Lectures for interested parents about their contribution to their child’s choice of profession and receiving an appropriate education.
• Conducting class and school-wide parent meetings.
• Parent survey.
• Creation of an initiative group of parents who are ready to help organize and accompany excursions, attract interesting people to speak in front of the class or talk about your profession on your own.
• Involving parents to help with temporary employment for high school students during the holidays.
• Together with parents, create and lead clubs in various areas (art, sports, theater, intellectual).

Organizational and methodological activities

• Conducting career guidance work at school, creating your own and adapting existing programs for career guidance for schoolchildren.
• Assisting teachers and school staff with the selection of material, conducting classes, diagnostics and consultations.

Assessing the effectiveness of career guidance work at school

To conduct a qualitative assessment of career guidance work in school, 5 effective criteria and 2 procedural ones can be distinguished. Effective criteria include:

Sufficient information about the chosen profession and methods of obtaining it.

A student can make an informed choice of profession only if he knows about its place in the market, working conditions, requirements for knowledge and physical characteristics. If there is a sufficient amount of information received, the student clearly imagines himself in the chosen profession and the necessary steps to obtain it.

The need for a conscious choice of future profession

If a student is active in searching for information about certain specialties without outside pressure, independently tries himself in areas of interest for possible activities or has drawn up a plan further actions, then the criterion of the need for a well-founded choice of profession can be considered fully satisfied, and the task facing schools has been completed.

Student’s awareness of the social significance of work

In the process of school career guidance work, school students should be instilled with an attitude towards work as a life value. For schoolchildren in grades 8-9, this attitude is directly related to the need for a conscious choice of profession, which directly affects the quality of their future lives.

Students’ awareness of their capabilities and interests

Under the guidance of school, experienced specialists, the student eventually realizes his desires, values, physical and moral capabilities and, based on them, makes a choice of a future career path. A big role here is given to school psychologists and teachers to determine the child’s characteristics as accurately as possible.

Having a plan for further steps towards obtaining a profession

The student must make an informed choice of profession, based on the variety of information received about the labor market, taking into account own opinion and opportunities. After making the choice, the high school student should also have a good idea of ​​all the further steps that will ultimately lead him to the desired profession. The presence of such a plan indicates the success of the school’s career guidance work.

Two procedural criteria for the effectiveness of school career guidance activities can be called:

Individual nature of career guidance

Any action taken must take into account the individual interests, abilities and capabilities of each student.

The focus of career guidance on the comprehensive development of the individual

Schoolchildren should be given the opportunity to independently choose a profession, try their hand at various areas and specialties, plan future steps to obtain the desired specialty, and teachers and parents can only actively promote and help without making a choice for the child.

Expected results of school career guidance

If there is an existing system of school career guidance that accompanies the student throughout the entire period of study, students will successfully develop a conscious attitude towards work and logically complete the process of choosing a profession, taking into account their interests, capabilities and requirements imposed by the labor market. The result will be further successful socialization of graduates and their easy entry into the professional world.