How old was Yeltsin when he died? Boris Yeltsin - biography, information, personal life. Socio-economic reforms of B. Yeltsin

First President Russian Federation

Soviet party and Russian political and statesman, 1st President of Russia. Elected President 2 times - June 12, 1991 and July 3, 1996, held this position from July 10, 1991 to December 31, 1999.

Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin was born on February 1, 1931 in the Sverdlovsk region, the village of Butka, Talitsky district.

Yeltsin - biography

Father, Nikolai Ignatievich, worked as a carpenter. During the years of repression, he was imprisoned allegedly for anti-Soviet statements. Boris's mother, Klavdia Vasilievna - nee Starygina.

Boris was the eldest of her two children.

Boris Yeltsin studied well at school, according to him, but after the 7th grade was expelled from school for bad behavior, however, he achieved (by reaching the city party committee) that he was allowed to enter the 8th grade at another school.

In the army B.N. Yeltsin did not serve due to health reasons: as a child he was injured and lost 2 fingers on his hand.

In 1955, B. Yeltsin graduated from the Ural Polytechnic Institute. CM. Kirova - Faculty of Civil Engineering, majoring in civil engineering. At first he worked as an ordinary foreman, gradually advancing in his career to the position of head of the DSK.

In 1956, Boris Yeltsin started a family, choosing his classmate Naina Iosifovna Girina (baptized Anastasia) as his wife. She is a civil engineer by training, from 1955 to 1985. worked at the Sverdlovsk Institute “Vodokanalproekt” as an engineer, senior engineer, and chief project engineer.

A year later, in 1958, a daughter, Elena, was born into the Yeltsin family. In 1960 - 2nd daughter Tatyana.

The year 1961 is significant for Boris Nikolaevich in that he joined the ranks of the CPSU.

Boris Yeltsin - career in the party

In 1968, his party work began: Yeltsin took the position of head of the construction department in the Sverdlovsk Regional Committee of the CPSU.

1975 - further advancement up the party ladder: B.N. Yeltsin was elected secretary of the regional committee of the CPSU of Sverdlovsk, he became responsible for the development of industry in the region.

In 1981, at the XXVI Congress of the CPSU, Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin was elected a member of the CPSU Central Committee, he headed the construction department, in this position B.N. Yeltsin worked until 1990.

In 1976 – 1985 He returned to the Sverdlovsk Regional Committee of the CPSU to the post of 1st Secretary.

In 1978 – 1989 B.N. Yeltsin was elected deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

In 1981, Boris Nikolaevich gave his first and last name to his grandson, since Boris Yeltsin had no sons, which threatened to interrupt the family line.

In 1984, Yeltsin became a member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR - until 1988.

He went to work in Moscow in June 1985 as Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee for construction issues.

From December 1985 to November 1987 he worked as 1st Secretary of the Moscow City Committee of the CPSU.

In October 1987, at the plenum of the Central Committee B Yeltsin comes out with harsh criticism of M. Gorbachev and the party leadership. The Plenum condemned Yeltsin's speech, and soon after that Boris Nikolayevich was transferred to the position of deputy head of Gosstroy, lower in rank than the 1st Secretary of the Moscow City Committee of the CPSU.

In March 1989, B.N. Yeltsin was elected people's deputy of the USSR.

In 1990, Boris Yeltsin became a people's deputy of the RSFSR, and in July of the same year he was elected chairman of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR, and he left the CPSU.

Yeltsin President of the Russian Federation

On June 12, 1991, B.N. Yeltsin was elected President of the Russian Federation. After his election, B. Yeltsin’s main slogans were the fight against the privileges of the nomenklatura and the independence of Russia from the USSR.

On July 10, 1991, Boris Yeltsin took the oath of allegiance to the people of Russia and the Russian Constitution, and took office as president of the RSFSR.

In August 1991, the confrontation between Yeltsin and the putschists began, which led to a proposal to ban the activities of the Communist Party, and on August 19, Boris Yeltsin made a famous speech from a tank, in which he read out a decree on the illegitimate activities of the State Emergency Committee. The putsch is defeated, the activities of the CPSU are completely prohibited.

On November 12, 1991, the Medal of Democracy, established by the International Association of Political Consultants, was awarded to B.N. Yeltsin for democratic transformations in Russia.

In December 1991, the USSR officially ceased to exist: in Belovezhskaya Pushcha, Boris Yeltsin, Leonid Kravchuk (President of Ukraine) and Stanislav Shushkevich (President of Belarus) create and sign an agreement on the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Soon the majority of the union republics joined the Commonwealth, signing the Alma-Ata Declaration on December 21.

December 25, 1991 B.N. Yeltsin received full presidential power in Russia in connection with the resignation of USSR President Mikhail Gorbachev and the actual collapse of the USSR.

1992 – 1993 – a new stage in the construction Russian state- privatization has begun, economic reform is being carried out, supported by President B.N. Yeltsin.

In September-October 1993, a confrontation between Boris Yeltsin and the Supreme Council began, which led to the dissolution of parliament. There were riots in Moscow, the peak of which occurred on October 3-4, supporters of the Supreme Council seized the television center, the situation was brought under control only with the help of tanks.

In 1994, the 1st Chechen War, which led to a huge number of casualties among both civilians and the military, as well as among law enforcement officers.

In May 1996, Boris Yeltsin was forced to sign an order in Khasavyurt to withdraw troops from Chechnya, which theoretically meant the end of the first Chechen war.

Yeltsin - years of rule

In the same year, the first term of B.N.’s presidency ended. Yeltsin, and he began the election campaign for a second term. More than 1 million signatures were submitted in support of Yeltsin. The campaign slogan is “Vote or lose.” As a result of the 1st round of elections, B.N. Yeltsin gets 35.28% of the votes. Yeltsin's main competitor in the elections is the communist G.A. Zyuganov. But after the second round with a result of 53.82% of the votes, Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin was elected President of the Russian Federation for a second term.

On November 5, 1996, B. Yeltsin went to the clinic, where he underwent heart surgery - coronary artery bypass grafting.

In 1998 and 1999 in Russia, as a result of unsuccessful economic policy, a default occurs, then a government crisis. At Yeltsin's instigation, Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin, Sergei Kiriyenko, Yevgeny Primakov, and Sergei Stepashin resigned, after which in August 1999, Secretary of the Security Council Vladimir Putin was appointed acting chairman of the government of the Russian Federation.

On December 31, 1999, in a New Year's address to the people of Russia, Boris Yeltsin announced his early resignation. Prime Minister V.V. has been entrusted with the temporary duties of head of state. Putin, who provides Yeltsin and his family with guarantees of complete security.


After his resignation, Boris Nikolaevich and his family settled in a resort village near Moscow - Barvikha.

April 23, 2007 Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin died in Central clinical hospital Moscow from cardiac arrest and was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.
He was married once, had 2 daughters, 5 grandchildren and 3 great-grandchildren. Wife - Naina Iosifovna Yeltsina (Girina) (baptized Anastasia). Daughters - Elena Okulova (married to the acting general director of the joint stock company Aeroflot - Russian International Airlines) and Tatyana Dyachenko (has a military rank - colonel, in 1997 she was an adviser to the president).

Results of Yeltsin's reign

B.N. Yeltsin is historically noted as the first popularly elected President of Russia, a transformer of the country's political structure, a radical reformer of Russia's economic course. Known for the unique decision to ban the CPSU, the course of refusal to build socialism, the decisions to dissolve the Supreme Council, he is famous for the storming of the Government House in Moscow in 1993 with the use of armored vehicles and the military campaign in Chechnya.

Political scientists and the media characterized Yeltsin as an extraordinary person, unpredictable in behavior, eccentric, power-hungry; his tenacity and cunning were also noted. Opponents of Boris Nikolayevich argued that he was characterized by cruelty, cowardice, rancor, deceit, and a low intellectual and cultural level.

In assessments of critics of the Yeltsin regime, his period of rule is often referred to as Yeltsinism. Boris Yeltsin, as president, was criticized in connection with the general negative trends in the country's development in the 1990s: the economic downturn, the state's refusal of social obligations, a sharp decline in living standards, aggravation of social problems and the resulting population decline. In the second half of the 90s, he was often accused of transferring the main levers of economic management into the hands of a group of influential entrepreneurs - oligarchs and the corrupt top of the state apparatus, and his entire economic policy boiled down to lobbying the interests of one or another group of people depending on their influence.

By the end of 1992, the division of the country's inhabitants into rich and poor sharply increased. Almost half of Russia's population found itself below the poverty line.
By 1996 it had decreased by 50% industrial production, A Agriculture- by a third. Loss of internal gross product amounted to approximately 40%.
By 1999, unemployment in Russia had grown greatly and affected 9 million people.

The presidents of Ukraine, Belarus and Russia signed the Belovezhskaya Agreement on December 8, 1991. This was done in spite of the referendum on the preservation of the USSR, which took place the day before - March 17, 1991. This agreement, according to Yeltsin’s opponents, destroyed the USSR and caused bloody conflicts in Chechnya, South Ossetia, Abkhazia, Transnistria, Nagorno-Karabakh and Tajikistan.

The deployment of troops into Chechnya began on December 11, 1994, after Yeltsin’s decree “On measures to suppress the activities of illegal armed groups on the territory of the Chechen Republic and in the zone of the Ossetian-Ingush conflict.” As a result of the ill-considered actions of Russia's political elite, large casualties occurred among both military and civilians: tens of thousands of people died and hundreds of thousands were injured. Subsequent actions of Chechen militants, aimed at even wider expansion in the North Caucasus, forced Yeltsin to resume fighting in Chechnya in September 1999, which resulted in a full-scale war.

The protests of citizens on the streets that followed the storming of the Moscow City Hall and the Ostankino television center by Rutsky's supporters on October 3 were brutally suppressed. Troops were brought into Moscow in the early morning of October 4, and 123 people died on both sides (more than 1.5 thousand people - according to the opposition). These events became a black spot in modern history Russia.

To introduce the principles of a market economy, economic reforms began in January 1992 with price liberalization. In the country, in just a few days, prices for food and essential goods increased many times over, a huge number of enterprises went bankrupt, and citizens’ deposits in state banks became worthless. A confrontation began between the president and the Congress of People's Deputies, which sought to amend the constitution to limit the rights of the president.

In August 1998, default broke out, a financial crisis caused by the government's inability to meet its debt obligations. The three-fold fall in the ruble exchange rate led to the collapse of numerous small and medium-sized enterprises and the destruction of the emerging middle class. The banking sector was almost completely destroyed. However, the following year the economic situation was stabilized. This was facilitated by an increase in oil prices on world markets, which made it possible to gradually begin payments on external debt. One of the consequences of the crisis was the revival of the activities of domestic industrial enterprises, which replaced on the domestic market products that were previously purchased abroad.

Sharp deterioration demographic situation in Russia began in 1992. One of the reasons for the population decline was the government's reduction social support population. The incidence of AIDS has increased 60 times, and infant mortality has doubled.

But still, despite such negative assessments of the rule of this leader, Yeltsin’s memory is immortalized.

On April 23, 2008, a solemn opening ceremony of the monument to Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin took place at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow, and at the same time the Ural State Technical University was named after Boris Yeltsin.

B.N. Yeltsin wrote 3 books:
1990 - “Confession on a given topic”
1994 - “Notes of the President”
2000 - “Presidential Marathon”, became a laureate of the International Literary Award “Capri-90”.

At one time, it was fashionable among Russian officials to engage in one of Yeltsin’s favorite pastimes—playing tennis.

Yeltsin was an Honorary Citizen. Kazan, Yerevan (Armenia), Samara region, Turkmenistan, awarded in 1981 the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Badge of Honor, and two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor.

On November 12, 1991, B.N. Yeltsin was awarded the Medal of Democracy, established in 1982, by the International Association of Political Consultants, had the highest state award of Italy - the Order of the Knight Grand Cross, and was a Knight of the Order of Malta.

Five years ago, on April 23, 2007, Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin, the first president of the Russian Federation, died.

Here are ten things Boris Yeltsin did as President of Russia that Russians remember most:

1. The first presidential elections in Russia

In August 1991, during a coup attempt.

On August 19, standing on a tank, he read out an “Address to the Citizens of Russia,” in which he called the actions of the State Emergency Committee a “reactionary, anti-constitutional coup” and called on the citizens of the country to “give a worthy response to the putschists and demand to return the country to normal constitutional development.”

After the failure of the putsch on November 6, 1991, he signed a decree to terminate the activities of the CPSU.

3. Collapse of the USSR

On December 8, 1991, Boris Yeltsin, Leonid Kravchuk and Stanislav Shushkevich at the Viskuli government residence in Belovezhskaya Pushcha (Belarus) signed an Agreement in which they proclaimed the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

4. Voucher privatization

5. Dissolution of the Supreme Council

On September 21, 1993 at 20.00, in a television address to citizens of Russia, he announced decree No. 1400 “On phased constitutional reform in the Russian Federation.” The decree, in particular, ordered to interrupt the implementation of legislative, administrative and control functions by the Congress of People's Deputies and the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation, and not to convene the Congress of People's Deputies, as well as the Russian Federation.

The signing of the document led to a political crisis in the fall of 1993, which ended with an armed clash and the storming of the White House by army units on October 4.

6. Constitutional reform

The preparation and adoption of the Constitution took place against the backdrop of a confrontation between two branches of power - the executive, represented by Boris Yeltsin, and the legislative, represented by the Supreme Council.

7. Chechen campaigns

9. Denomination and default of 1998

On August 4, 1997, he signed a decree, according to which on January 1, 1998, the government and the Central Bank carried out a redenomination of the ruble - technically crossing out three zeros on the new banknotes.

On August 17, 1998, Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation Sergei Kiriyenko together with Chairman of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation Sergei Dubinin and Minister of Finance Mikhail Zadornov of Russia on external obligations and the devaluation of the ruble.

According to calculations made by the Moscow Banking Union in 1998, the total losses of the Russian economy from the August crisis. Of these, the corporate sector lost $33 billion, the population - $19 billion, and direct losses of commercial banks (CBs) reached $45 billion.

10. Resignation

On December 31, 1999, Boris Yeltsin announced his resignation from the post of President of the Russian Federation and by his decree appointed Vladimir Putin as acting President of the Russian Federation.

The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources

Boris Yeltsin was the first President of Russia. He was a strong leader, although he made many tactical blunders in his position. For eight years this man led a huge country and tried to lead it out of the crisis.

Job in Moscow

In 1968, Boris Yeltsin began his party career. A graduate of the Ural Polytechnic named after Kirov became the head of the construction department. Success in political service provided him with a quick breakthrough in his career. In 1984, Boris Nikolaevich was already a member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. From 1985-1987 served as First Secretary of the Moscow City Committee of the CPSU.

In 1987, at the plenum of the Supreme Council, he criticized the activities of the current leader Mikhail Gorbachev. He was demoted to the position of deputy head of Gosstroy. In 1989, Yeltsin became a people's deputy of the USSR Supreme Council.

In 1990, he became Chairman of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR.

1991 presidential election

On March 17, 1991, a referendum was held in the USSR. On the agenda were the issue of introducing the post of president and the item on maintaining the status of the USSR. Purposeful and uncompromising Boris Yeltsin decided to run as a candidate for the presidency. His competitors in this race were pro-government candidate Nikolai Ryzhkov and Vladimir Zhirinovsky.

On June 12, 1991, the first presidential elections were held. B. N. Yeltsin was elected by a majority of votes. The reign of the first leader of Russia was originally supposed to be 5 years. Since the country was in a deep political and economic crisis, no one knew how long real life the new president will remain in office. A. Rutskoy was elected vice-president. He and Yeltsin were supported by the Democratic Russia bloc.

On July 10, 1991, Boris Yeltsin took an oath to serve his people faithfully. Mikhail Gorbachev remained the President of the USSR. Dual power did not suit the ambitious Yeltsin, although many researchers and politicians argue that the final goal of the new Russian leader was the collapse of the Union. Perhaps it was a political order that he carried out brilliantly.

August putsch

The years of Boris Yeltsin's reign were marked by significant unrest at the top of the state. Members of the CPSU did not want a change in leadership and understood that with the arrival of a new leader, the collapse of the USSR and their removal from power was not far off. Yeltsin harshly criticized the nomenklatura circles and repeatedly accused senior leaders of corruption.

Gorbachev and President Yeltsin, whose reign had been unstable, discussed the cornerstones of their cooperation and decided to eliminate the USSR politically. For this purpose, it was decided to create a confederation - the Union of Sovereigns Soviet republics. On August 20, this document was to be signed by the leaders of all union republics.

State Emergency Committee deployed active work August 18-21, 1991. During Gorbachev's stay in Crimea, a temporary government agency State Emergency Committee, and a state of emergency was introduced in the country. The population was informed about this on the radio. The Democratic forces led by Yeltsin and Rutsky began to resist the old party elite.

The conspirators had some support in the army and the KGB. They pulled up some separate groups of troops to bring them into the capital. Meanwhile, President of the RSFSR Yeltsin was on a business trip. Opponents of the collapse of the Union decided to detain him upon arrival as far as possible from the White House. Other putschists decided to go to Gorbachev, convince him to introduce a state of emergency by his decree and appeal to the people.

On August 19, the media announced the resignation of M. Gorbachev for health reasons, acting. O. Gennady Yanaev was appointed president.

Yeltsin and his supporters were supported by the opposition radio Ekho Moskvy. The Alpha detachment arrived at the president's dacha, but there was no order to block him or take him into custody, so Boris Nikolaevich was able to mobilize all his supporters.

Yeltsin arrives at the White House, and local rallies begin in Moscow. Ordinary democratically minded citizens are trying to resist the State Emergency Committee. The protesters built barricades in the square and dismantled paving stones. Tanks without ammunition and 10 infantry fighting vehicles were driven to the square.

On the 21st, mass clashes began, three citizens died. The conspirators were arrested, and Boris Yeltsin, whose years of rule were tense from the very beginning, dissolved the CPSU and nationalized the party's property. The putschist plan failed.

As a result, in December 1991, secretly from M. Gorbachev, the Bialowieza Agreements were signed, which put an end to the USSR and gave rise to new independent republics.

1993 crisis

In September 1993, former comrades quarreled. B. N. Yeltsin, whose years of rule were very difficult in the initial period, understood that the opposition in the person of Vice-President A. Rutsky and the Supreme Council of the RSFSR was doing its best to slow down new economic reforms. In this regard, B. Yeltsin issued decree 1400 - on the dissolution of the Armed Forces. A decision was made to hold new elections to the Federal Assembly.

Naturally, such a monopolization of power caused protest among members of the Supreme Council. As usual, equipment was brought to the capital and people were brought out into the streets. Several attempts were made to impeach the president, but Yeltsin ignored the legislation. Supporters of the Armed Forces were dispersed, opposition leaders were arrested. As a result of the clashes, according to various sources, about 200 people were killed and more than a thousand were injured.

After the victory of Boris Yeltsin and his supporters in Russia there was a transitional period of presidential dictatorship. All government bodies connecting Russia with the USSR were liquidated.

Socio-economic reforms of B. Yeltsin

Many economists and politicians, looking back at the years of Yeltsin's rule in Russia, call his policies chaotic and stupid. There was no single clear plan. For the first few years, the state was generally in a political crisis, which eventually resulted in the 1993 coup.

Many of the ideas of the president and his supporters were promising, but in implementing them according to the old monopolized system, Yeltsin ran into many pitfalls. As a result, the reform of the state led to a protracted crisis in economic sphere, loss of deposits from the population and complete distrust of the authorities.

The main reforms of President Yeltsin:

• price liberalization, free market;
• land reform - transfer of land into private hands;
• privatization;
• reforming political power.

First Chechen War

In 1991, the independent Republic of Ichkeria was formed on the territory of Chechnya. This state of affairs did not suit Russia. Dzhokhar Dudayev became the president of the new independent republic. The Russian Supreme Court declared the elections invalid. The victory of the separatist forces led to the collapse of the Chechen-Ingush Republic. Ingushetia decided to remain autonomous within Russia. Based on this desire, Boris Yeltsin, whose years of rule had already been washed by rivers of blood, decided to send troops during the Ossetian-Ingush conflict of 1992. Chechnya was actually an independent state, not recognized by anyone. There was actually a civil war going on in the country. In 1994, Yeltsin decided to send troops to restore order in the Chechen People's Republic. As a result, the armed conflict with the use of Russian troops lasted two years.

Second presidential term

The second presidential term was extremely difficult for Boris Yeltsin. Firstly, constant heart problems were taking their toll, and secondly, the country was on the verge of a crisis, which the “sick” president did not have the strength to cope with. The newly elected president placed his bet on “political youth” in the person of Chubais and Nemtsov. Their active implementation of the reform course did not lead to the expected increase in GDP; the country lived off multi-billion dollar loans. In 1998, Yeltsin, whose years of rule were not successful for the state, began to look for a successor. This was the unknown head of the FSB, V. Putin.

Resignation

In 1998, B. Yeltsin’s “sand” economy collapsed. Default, price increases, job cuts, total instability, shutdown large enterprises. The virtual market economy could not withstand the harsh realities. Having chosen a worthy candidate for his post and having secured V. Putin’s commitment to a comfortable old age, the first President of Russia, speaking in front of television viewers, resigned.

Five years ago, on April 23, 2007, Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin, the first president of the Russian Federation, died.

The first president of the Russian Federation, Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin, was born on February 1, 1931 in the village of Butka, Talitsky district, Ural region (now Sverdlovsk region).

He graduated from the construction department of the Ural Polytechnic Institute with a degree in civil engineering in 1955.

In 1955-1968 he worked as a foreman, foreman, chief engineer of the construction department of the Yuzhgorstroy trust, chief engineer, and head of the Sverdlovsk house-building plant. In 1961 he joined the CPSU.

From 1968 to 1976 he headed the construction department of the Sverdlovsk regional party committee. In 1975 he was secretary of the Sverdlovsk regional committee of the CPSU, responsible for industrial development areas.

In 1976-1985 - first secretary of the Sverdlovsk regional committee of the CPSU.

In 1978-1989 - deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (member of the Council of the Union). From 1984 to 1985 and from 1986 to 1988 he was a member of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces.

In 1981, at the XXVI Congress of the CPSU, Yeltsin was elected a member of the CPSU Central Committee (he held this position until 1990). In the same year, he headed the construction department of the CPSU Central Committee. In June 1985 - Secretary of the Party Central Committee for Construction Issues.

From December 1985 to November 1987 - first secretary of the Moscow City Committee (MGK) of the CPSU.

From November 1987 to 1989 - First Deputy Chairman of the USSR State Construction Committee - Minister of the USSR. In 1989-1990 - Chairman of the USSR Supreme Soviet Committee on Construction and Architecture.

On May 29, 1990, at the First Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR, Boris Yeltsin was elected Chairman of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR with the active support of the Democratic Russia bloc. He held this post until June 1991. On July 12, 1990, at the XXVIII Congress of the CPSU, he left the ranks of the party.

On June 12, 1991, during a nationwide direct open election, he was elected the first president of Russia. In this post, Boris Yeltsin also served as chairman of the Constitutional Commission of the Russian Federation, chairman of the Extraordinary Commission for Food and chairman of the Supreme Consultative Coordination Council. From November 1991 to May 1993, he headed the Russian government.

On July 3, 1996, during a nationwide direct open election in two rounds, he was elected President of Russia for a second term.

Since May 7, 1992 - Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. He headed the Security Council and the Defense Council of the Russian Federation. Military rank- Colonel.

From December 1993 to 2000 he was Chairman of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

On December 31, 1999, Boris Yeltsin announced his resignation from the post of President of the Russian Federation and by his decree appointed Vladimir Putin as acting President of the Russian Federation.

On April 5, 2000, the first President of Russia, Boris Yeltsin, was awarded pensioner and labor veteran certificates.

In November 2000, Yeltsin created the charitable “Foundation of the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin” to support young talents in the fields of education, science, art and sports.

He awarded the order Lenin, two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor, the Order of the Badge of Honor, the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 1st degree; foreign awards: "Royal Order of Peace and Justice" (UNESCO), the "Shield of Freedom" medal "For dedication and courage" (USA), the highest state award of Italy - the Order of the Knight Grand Cross, the Order of Three Stars of the 1st degree (Latvia), the Order of Dmitry Donskoy (ROC) and many others.

In 2003, a monument to Yeltsin was unveiled in Kyrgyzstan on the territory of one of the Issyk-Kul boarding houses; in 2008, a memorial plaque to the first Russian president was installed in the village of Butka (Sverdlovsk region).

On the 80th anniversary of the birth of Boris Yeltsin in Yekaterinburg, a monument to him was unveiled on the street named after him - a ten-meter obelisk stele made of light Ural marble. The architect and author of the memorial obelisk is Georgy Frangulyan, who is also the author of the tombstone for Yeltsin.

The monument was erected near the Demidov business center, where it is planned to open the Yeltsin Presidential Center.

Since 2003, the Sverdlovsk region has annually hosted international competitions among national women's volleyball teams for the Boris Yeltsin Cup. In 2009, the tournament was included in the official calendar of the International Volleyball Federation.

The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources

Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin was born on February 1, 1931 in the village of Butka (accent on the last syllable) in the Talitsky district of the Sverdlovsk region. Father - Nikolai Ignatievich, builder, mother - Klavdiya Vasilievna, dressmaker. During the period of collectivization, B. N. Yeltsin’s grandfather was exiled, his father and uncle were also subjected to illegal repression (both went through a forced labor camp).

Confession on a given topic

“...The Yeltsin family, as it is written in the description that our village council sent to the security officers in Kazan, rented land in the amount of five hectares. “Before the revolution, his father’s farm was kulak, he had a water mill and a windmill, he had a threshing machine, he had permanent farm laborers, he had up to 12 hectares of crops, he had a self-tying reaper, he had up to five horses, up to four cows...” He had, he had, he had... That was his fault - he worked a lot, took on a lot. A Soviet authority I loved modest, inconspicuous, low-profile people. She did not like strong, smart, bright people and did not spare them. In 1930, the family was “evicted.” My grandfather was deprived of his civil rights. They imposed an individual agricultural tax. In a word, they put a bayonet to the throat, as best they knew how to do. And the grandfather “went on the run”..."

In 1935, the family moved to the Perm region for the construction of the Bereznikovsky potash plant. In Berezniki, the future first President of the Russian Federation studied at high school them. A. S. Pushkin. After graduating from the seventh grade, Yeltsin spoke out against the class teacher who beat the children and forced them to work in her home. For this he was expelled from school with a “wolf ticket”, but by contacting the city party committee, he managed to obtain the opportunity to continue his studies at another school.

Having successfully completed school, B. N. Yeltsin continued his education at the Faculty of Construction of the Ural Polytechnic Institute named after. S. M. Kirov (later Ural State Technical University - USTU-UPI, Ural State Technical University - USTU-UPI named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, now - Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin) in Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg) with a degree in Industrial and Civil Construction. At UPI, B.N. Yeltsin distinguished himself not only academically, but also in the sports field: he competed at the national volleyball championship for a team of masters, and coached the institute’s women’s volleyball team.

While studying, he met his future wife Naina (Anastasia) Iosifovna Girina. In 1955, having simultaneously defended their diplomas, the young people left for some time to the destinations of young specialists, but agreed to meet in a year. This meeting took place in Kuibyshev at zonal volleyball competitions: Boris Nikolaevich took the bride to Sverdlovsk, where the wedding took place.

In 1961, Yeltsin joined the CPSU. In 1968, he was transferred from economic to professional party work - he headed the construction department of the Sverdlovsk regional party committee.

In 1975, at the plenum of the Sverdlovsk regional committee of the CPSU, Yeltsin was elected secretary of the regional committee, responsible for the industrial development of the region, and on November 2, 1976, he was appointed first secretary of the Sverdlovsk regional committee of the CPSU (he held this position until 1985). Soon after this, B.N. Yeltsin was elected deputy of the regional Council for the Serov electoral district.

In 1978-1989 he was a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (member of the Council of the Union). In 1981, at the XXVI Congress of the CPSU, he became a member of the CPSU Central Committee. 1985 promoted B. N. Yeltsin very high up the career ladder. After the election of M. S. Gorbachev in March 1985 Secretary General CPSU Central Committee Boris Yeltsin was asked to head the construction department of the CPSU Central Committee, and soon Yeltsin was appointed secretary of the party Central Committee for construction issues. In December 1985, Gorbachev invited Yeltsin to head the Moscow party organization.

Notes from the President

In his book, Boris Nikolaevich recalled:

“But in August 1991 there was a coup. This event shocked the country, and, apparently, the whole world. On August 19 we were in one country, and on August 21 we found ourselves in a completely different one. Three days became the watershed between the past and the future. Events forced me to take a tape recorder, sit down with a blank sheet of paper and begin work, as it seemed to me, on a book about the putsch.”

We can say that it was from this appointment that B. N. Yeltsin entered big politics. The political fate of the future first President of Russia was not stable. After the events of 1987, many believed that Yeltsin would never be able to return to big politics, but he began to make big politics not only on a national scale, but also on a global scale.

On June 12, 1991, Yeltsin was elected president of the RSFSR. These were the first popular presidential elections in Russian history (USSR President Mikhail Gorbachev took his post as a result of voting at the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR).

On July 10, Boris Yeltsin took the oath of allegiance to the people of Russia and the Russian Constitution and took office as president of the RSFSR, making a keynote speech:

It is impossible to convey in words the state of mind that I am experiencing at these moments. For the first time in the thousand-year history of Russia, the President solemnly swears allegiance to his fellow citizens. There is no higher honor than that which is bestowed upon a person by the people; there is no higher honor than the position to which the citizens of the state are elected.<...>I am optimistic about the future and ready for vigorous action. Great Russia is rising from its knees! We will definitely turn it into a prosperous, democratic, peace-loving, legal and sovereign state. The work, which is difficult for all of us, has already begun. Having gone through so many trials, with a clear idea of ​​our goals, we can be firmly confident: Russia will be reborn!

Fragment of the exposition of the UrFU museum and exhibition complex dedicated to Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin

The first President of Russia was awarded the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 1st degree, the Order of Lenin, two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor, the Order of the Badge of Honour, the Order of Gorchakov (the highest award of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation), the Order of the Royal Order of Peace and Justice (UNESCO) , medals “Shield of Freedom” and “For Dedication and Courage” (USA), Order of the Knight Grand Cross (Italy’s highest state award) and many others. He is the author of three books: “Confession on a Given Topic” (1989), “Notes of the President” (1994) and “Presidential Marathon” (2000). He was interested in hunting, sports, music, literature, and cinema. B. N. Yeltsin has a large family: wife Naina Iosifovna, daughters Elena and Tatyana, grandchildren Katya, Masha, Boris, Gleb, Ivan and Maria, great-grandchildren Alexander and Mikhail.

In 2002, the Foundation of the First President of Russia established the B. N. Yeltsin Scholarship, which has been awarded annually since 2003.

The scholarship is awarded annually from September 1 to students and graduate students of the Ural Federal University who have shown particular success in their studies, scientific research, sports and creative activities.

The 50 best students initially became scholarship recipients full-time department USTU-UPI that passed the competition. Along with excellent academic performance, scholarship holders must demonstrate the results of scientific and practical work, actively participate in public life. In the first years, Boris Nikolayevich personally congratulated the scholarship recipients; now, certificates are presented by his wife Naina Iosifovna Yeltsina and the rector of the university. In 2010, the number of scholarships was increased from 50 to 90.

UrFU Rector Viktor Koksharov notes: “Today it is impossible to imagine that once a year Tatyana Borisovna and Naina Iosifovna would not come to us and that they would not award personalized scholarships to the best of our best students and graduate students. This has already gone down in the history of the university and has become an inextricable part of it.”

After the passing of Boris Nikolaevich, the leadership of the Ural State technical university made a proposal to name the university after him. The initiative was supported by the government of the Sverdlovsk region, the Russian Ministry of Education and Science and the government of the country. The president's widow, Naina Yeltsin, also approved it, but noted: “during his lifetime, he would never have agreed to such an initiative - it was expressed more than once and was rejected more than once.”

In April 2008, the university was named after the first President of Russia, Boris Yeltsin, and a memorial plaque appeared on the facade of the main academic building.