Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science, Physics and Technology

Department of Informatics and Informatics Teaching Methods

REPORT

according to scientific research practice

Performed):

1st year master's student

Faculty of MIFIT

Agreed: scientific adviser

Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor

Omsk – 2013

PLAN

undergraduate research practice

Gordeychik Elena Ivanovna

for the period from 01/07/2013 to 01/19/2013

(master's program "IT in Education", 1st year of study)

Dissertation topic: “Distance educational technologies as a means of developing children’s talent (primary school)”

	Research tasks (in accordance with the topic of the master's thesis)	Dates and deadlines	Planned results	Conclusion on implementation (vised by the supervisor upon completion of the internship)
	Conduct a theoretical justification for the direction of master's research. Formulate a contradiction, identify a scientific problem, formulate a goal, hypothesis and research objectives.		Manuscript 8-10 pp.
	Formulate the purpose and objectives of the ascertaining stage of the pedagogical experiment. Determine research methods. Select an experimental research base.		Manuscript 3–5 pp.

Head of Master's Program____________________

Head of practice _______________________

Scientific adviser _______________________

The relevance of research

The development of a system for searching, supporting and accompanying talented children is the basis for the modernization of Russian education.

The previous educational translational-reproductive paradigm, which trained personnel for the outgoing industrial society, in modern conditions of global uncertainty, instability, and constant changes turns out to be ineffective.

Working with gifted children is a key link through which it is possible to overcome the educational, cultural, ideological, and anthropological crisis experienced by modern civilization, which is in dire need of creative, independent, responsible, competent, holistic individuals.

An interdisciplinary approach to constructing educational content and a model of creative education, having emerged and clearly demonstrated itself in pedagogical work with gifted children, can and should be used in broad educational practice, since the majority of children are potentially gifted.

The current social and economic situation in the country has contributed to the emergence of a new education strategy, the development of a technological approach to learning, and a new understanding of the content and goals themselves school education. At this time, the system of person-centered education is several orders of magnitude ahead of the knowledge model of education.

Improving quality general education, corresponding to the level of scientific and technological progress and social development, has always been the primary task of the education system. It is especially acute today – in the era of socio-economic transformations and the expansion of informatization of the educational space.

In addition, the problem of working with gifted students is extremely relevant for modern Russian society. That is why it is so important to determine the main tasks and directions of work with gifted children in the general education system, as well as in terms of the use of e-learning and distance educational technologies.

Controversies

Between the traditional content of education and the modernization of this content in accordance with the new opportunities and demands of modern information civilization;

Between the traditional classical teaching of computer science at school and a differentiated approach aimed at developing children's talent;

Between the simplified, stereotypical understanding of informatization as the “organization of computer classes” and the complexity of the real process of integrating ICT into school life;

Between effective models of using ICT in the educational process and the existing regulatory framework that constrains such use;

Between the high potential of information technologies and the lack of analysis of best practices in their use in public schools.

Problem

Theoretical and practical justification for solving organizational and pedagogical problems of introducing distance educational technologies in the general education system when working with gifted children.

Research topic:“Distance educational technologies as a means of developing children's talent (primary school)”

Object and subject of research

The object of the study is the process of teaching gifted primary school students using distance learning technologies.

The subject of the study is the use of distance learning technologies, aimed at effectively solving the problem of working with gifted children in primary schools.

Purpose of the study: to identify and substantiate methodological principles, to develop scientific and pedagogical support (model) for the effective use of distance educational technologies for teaching gifted children (primary school).

Research hypothesis

The methodology and practice of DET as a means of developing children's giftedness can be built as a design system, subject to coordination and balance in time, funding and other parameters for the implementation of the following processes:

Changing the content of education and certification, taking into account new priorities in relation to the goals of education and processes taking place in the social environment;

Formation and support in the education system of personnel potential with professional ICT competence, involvement of parents, the public, and government officials in the process of working with gifted children;

Providing access for students and teachers to an open information space controlled for educational purposes;

Providing students and teachers with tools for searching, collecting, analyzing, organizing, presenting, communicating information, modeling and designing, organizing educational process;

Changes in the regulatory framework of general education and local regulatory framework educational institutions, including educational standards and programs, norms regulating the structure of the school, subject to the coexistence of both an updated regulatory framework and a traditional one;

Transformation of the educational process, professionally implemented by ICT-competent teaching staff, whose activities must be provided with technical and methodological support, in order to effectively achieve priority and long-term educational goals.

Research objectives

To develop and justify a project for scientific and pedagogical support of the process of working with gifted children, focused on priority, socially motivated educational goals and results achieved through the use of ICT and DET tools.

To develop organizational and pedagogical requirements for a systematic and harmonious process of working with gifted children, optimizing the impact of the main factors that influence the effectiveness of working with gifted children.

To develop a pedagogical model “Program for working with gifted children in primary schools”, implementing modern system priorities of general education based on information and communication technologies.

To develop and implement a model of general education using distance learning technologies for gifted children in primary school.

Research methods

Theoretical analysis of philosophical, psychological, pedagogical, methodological, educational and technical literature on the research problem;

Analysis and synthesis of theoretical research on the implementation of certain distance educational technologies, on the methodological basis of the use of information and communication tools in general education;

Analysis of practical experience of Russian and foreign schools;

Conducting comparative international studies, including SITES, and analyzing their results in accordance with international methods;

Analysis and discussion of research results with specialists, psychologists, class teachers, subject teachers at scientific and methodological conferences, meetings and seminars;

Observation, conversations, questioning, testing of students and teachers;

Pedagogical experiment on the basis of a secondary school.

Research in the field of theory and teaching methods (, etc.);

Fundamental works devoted to the history and current state of education in the world (,);

scientific and methodological works on the problems of activating students’ cognitive activity, on humanization, differentiation and individualization of education, on the development of students’ creative abilities (, etc.);

Research on general implementation issues information technologies in education (, etc.);

Works on special psychology and pedagogy (, etc.)

As well as various scientific and pedagogical articles, monographs and textbooks by domestic and foreign scientists on the problem under study; normative and legal acts; research in the field of computer science and technical aspects of the functioning of information technologies in education; publications in periodicals on relevant topics; works of Russian and international conferences, seminars, working groups; statistical materials; standardization documents; Internet sites covering current state informatization of general education.

Materials for the ascertaining stage of the experiment

The purpose of the ascertaining stage of the pedagogical experiment is to determine the level of giftedness of primary school students.

Objectives of the ascertaining experiment

1) determine the criteria for the level of giftedness of primary school students;

2) select diagnostic material and equipment;

3) diagnose the level of giftedness in the experimental and control groups.

Research methods

Identifying children with extraordinary abilities is a complex and multifaceted problem. Still in science and pedagogical practice two opposing points of view on giftedness are presented. Supporters of one of them believe that every normal child is gifted and you only need to notice a specific type of ability in time and develop it. According to researchers who share the opposite point of view, giftedness is a very a rare event, inherent in only a small percentage of people, so the appearance of a gifted child is like a painstaking search for grains of gold.

Considering the problems of giftedness, I identified the following main stages through which the development of the idea of ​​general giftedness passed:

The desire to identify giftedness with a separate mental function;

Recognition that giftedness can manifest itself in a whole group of mental functions;

Differentiation in any intelligent activity of two factors: specific to a given type of activity and general, which Charles Spearman considered giftedness;

Giftedness as the average of a number of different functions;

Recognizing that there are multiple types of giftedness.

One of the ways to assess children's giftedness is the result of their participation in various Olympiads, projects and competitions, including distance ones. Typically these results are reflected in the student's Portfolio.

A powerful modern means of diagnosing giftedness are tests aimed at assessing intelligence and creativity. The use of tests, however, requires professional psychological training. In some tests, like D. Wechsler's test, it is necessary to evaluate the respondents' answers in points, which requires significant practical experience. In other cases (for example, with computerized tests), the assessment of answers is carried out automatically, but there still remains the problem of interpreting the results, which can only be competently carried out by a qualified psychologist. The testing findings must be correlated with the results of observing the student’s behavior in the classroom, the opinion of parents, etc. Also, the choice of a particular test or battery of tests for examining a student depends on the testing objectives and the entire context of the school situation.

Prominent American psychologists J. Renzulli, R. Hartman and K. Calahan were the coordinators of the creation of the concept and system of working with gifted children. They collected research works of scientists from all over the world devoted to the problems of children's and youth's talent.

Based on this work, Renzulli, Hartman and Calahan decided to create a reliable and valid objective assessment tool. expert assessment teachers of various aspects of children's giftedness. Four types of giftedness were selected: (1) learning ability, (2) motivational and personal characteristics, (3) Creative skills(creativity) and (4) leadership abilities.

These tests are adapted for experimentation by teachers.

Experimental base

On the basis of the 9th (information) class of the school, 2 control and experimental groups were created. To conduct the ascertaining experiment, scales were selected for rating the behavioral characteristics of gifted schoolchildren by J. Renzulli et al. (1977) in adaptation. (Annex 1)

These scales are designed to enable teachers to assess student characteristics in the cognitive, motivational, creative and leadership areas. Each item on the scale should be scored independently of the other items. The assessment should reflect how often the teacher observes each characteristic being demonstrated.

This scale is filled out by all teachers who have worked with a child for quite a long time.

The assessments of different teachers are compared and discussed; in controversial cases, it is necessary to ask to describe specific situations in which this or that characteristic was manifested. In case of doubt, it is better to make a collective decision in favor of the child, that is, to give him a chance to show himself in a special program to study the influence of distance education on the development of giftedness.

For the purity of the experiment, this scale is also offered to parents and students themselves, and mutual assessment is also expected.

After identifying the level of giftedness of the 9th grade students in the experimental group, a telecommunications project will be conducted with them, as a result of which they will also be asked to evaluate themselves using these scales.

Last name, first name of the student _________________

Date __________

School No. ______________ Class ______________

Age_________________

How long have you known this child?

______________________

Instructions. These scales are designed to enable teachers to assess student characteristics in the cognitive, motivational, creative and leadership areas. Each item on the scale should be scored independently of the other items. Your score should reflect how often you observed each characteristic occurring. Because the four scales represent relatively different aspects of behavior, scores on different scales are not summed.

Please read the statements carefully and circle the appropriate number as described below:

1 - if you almost never observe this characteristic.

2 - if you observe this characteristic from time to time.

3 - if you observe this characteristic quite often.

4 - if you observe this characteristic almost all the time.

Scale I. Student’s cognitive characteristics

1. Has an unusually large vocabulary for this age or grade level; uses terms with understanding; speech is characterized by richness of expression, fluency and complexity

2. Has a wide range of information on a variety of topics (outside the usual interests of children of this age)

3. Quickly remembers and reproduces factual information

4. Easily grasps cause-and-effect relationships; tries to understand “how” and “why”; asks a lot of thought-provoking questions (as opposed to fact-seeking questions); wants to know what underlies the phenomena and actions of people

5. Sensitive and quick-witted observer; usually "sees more" or "gets more" than others from a story, a movie, something that happens

Multiply by the appropriate factor

Add the resulting numbers

General indicator

Scale II. Motivational characteristics

1. Completely “goes” into certain topics and problems; persistently strives to complete what he started (difficult to involve in another topic or task)

2. Gets bored easily with routine tasks.

3. Strives for excellence; is self-critical

4. Prefers to work independently; requires only minimal direction from the teacher

5. Has a tendency to organize people, objects, situations

Count the number of circled numbers in each column _ _ _ _

Add the resulting numbers

General indicator

Scale III. Leadership Characteristics

1. Shows responsibility; does what it promises and usually does it well

2. Feels confident both with peers and with adults; feels good when she/he is asked to show her/his work to the class

3. Expresses thoughts and feelings clearly; speaks well and usually clearly

4. Likes to be with people, is sociable/outgoing and prefers not to be alone

5. Has a tendency to dominate others; usually manages the activities in which he participates

Count the number of circled numbers in each column _ _ _ _

Multiply by the corresponding weight

Add the resulting numbers

General indicator

Scale IV. Creative characteristics

1. Shows great curiosity about many things; constantly asks questions about everything

2. Pulls out big number ideas or solutions to problems and answers to questions; offers unusual, original, smart answers

3. Expresses his opinion without hesitation; sometimes radical and ardent in discussions; persistent

4. Likes to take risks; has a penchant for adventure

5. Tendency to play with ideas; fantasizes, invents (“I wonder what will happen if...”); busy adapting, improving and changing public institutions, objects and systems

6. Shows a subtle sense of humor and sees humor in situations that do not seem funny to others

7. Unusually sensitive to internal impulses and more open to the irrational in oneself (more free expression of “girlish” interests in boys, greater independence in girls); emotionally sensitive

8. Sensitive/sensitive to beauty; pays attention to the aesthetic aspects of life

9. Not influenced by the group; accepts disorder; not interested in details; not afraid to be different from others

10. Gives constructive criticism; disinclined/disinclined to accept authority without critical examination

Count the number of circled numbers in each column _ _ _ _

Multiply by the corresponding weight

Add the resulting numbers

General indicator

Bibliography

1. Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated January 1, 2001 “On the implementation of the national educational initiative “Our New School”;

2. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated 07. No. 000 “On measures to implement state policy in the field of education and science”;

3. The concept of a nationwide system for identifying and developing young talents, adopted on April 3, 2012;

4. A set of measures to implement the Concept of the Russian national system for identifying and developing young talents dated January 1, 2001.

5. Federal Law of 01.01.2001 N 11-FZ “On Amendments to the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” regarding the use of e-learning, distance educational technologies”;

6. Letter from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated 01/01/2001 “ Guidelines on issues of interaction between institutions of general, additional and vocational education on the formation of an individual educational trajectory for gifted children.”

7. Diagnosis of creativity. Torrance test. Methodical manual. St. Petersburg: Imaton, 1998.

8. Psychodiagnostics of creative thinking. Creative tests. St. Petersburg: SPbUPM, 1997. 2nd edition: St. Petersburg: Didactics Plus, 2002.

9. Johnson Creativity Questionnaire. St. Petersburg: SPbUPM, 1997.

10. Modified Williams creative tests. St. Petersburg: Rech, 2003.

11. J. S. Renzulli, R. K. Hartman. Scale for rating behavioral characteristic of superior students. Exceptional Children, 1971, p. 38, 243–248.

State budgetary educational institution

higher vocational education

"North Ossetian State Pedagogical Institute"

Faculty of Psychology and Education

Department of Pedagogy

REPORT

about completing a research internship

Master _________ course in the field44.04.01 Pedagogical education, profile Management of educational systems

Master's student's name _____________________________________

Scientific adviser:

___________________________

________________________________

Vladikavkaz

Introduction……………………………………………………..………...……….…...3

Main part…………………………………………………………….…….……….………4

Section 1. Dates and place of internship………………….……...………4

Section 2. Contents of practice……………………………………...……...….4

2.1.Individual practice assignment….……………………………4

2.2. Analysis of students’ activities in accordance with the work plan and content of practice…………………………………………………………….5

2.3. Reflection on one’s own achievements………………………………….6

Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………7

List of sources used……………………………………………..8

Applications

Introduction

Main goal Master's students' research practice is to develop the ability to independently carry out research work related to solving professional problems necessary for current or future professional activity, Alsogaining experience in managerial, organizational and educational work in a team.Research practice is dispersed and is carried out by a master's student with a supervisor. The direction of research practice is determined in accordance with the master's program and the topic of the master's thesis.

Main tasks research practice are: development of professional research thinking of undergraduates, formation of a clear understanding of the main professional tasks and methods of solving them,to shape the personality of a future scientist specializing in the field of educationMoreover, developing the ability to independently set professional goals, plan scientific and research work and performing practical research in solving professional problems using modern research methods, as well as developing the ability to competently use modern technologies to collect information, process and interpret the obtained experimental data, conduct bibliographic work on the topic of the final qualifying work using modern information technologies.

MAIN PART

Dates and place of internship

In the period from November 28, 2016 to December 24, 2016 in secondary school No. 25 “Municipal budget educational institution Secondary school No. 25" I underwent scientific and pedagogical practice.

Activity analysis

The topic of scientific research practice was the title of the master’s thesis “Quality control pedagogical process in a general education organization" As part of the practice, a number of key areas of writing the work were considered, an introduction and the first chapter were compiled.

The main issue of the work was the study of the features of managing the main areas of activity that ensure the quality of the results of the educational process at school. In its constant increase in accordance with the needs of the individual, society, state and the real possibilities of the traditional education system.

Together with the head, the most effective hypothesis was identified, which states that: managing the quality of the results of the educational process at school will be most effective if:

Expand the concepts of “quality of education” and “quality management of education”.

The main directions in ensuring the quality of the results of the educational process will be:

Working with students;

Personal self-awareness;

Working with the teaching staff;

Work to unite the team of students.

The quality criteria for the results of the educational process will be:

- pedagogical communication;

Cohesion of the school team;

- personal results.

Effective indicators that meet the above criteria would be:quality of communication, interaction, level of sociability, students' satisfaction with school life, self-determination, self-esteem.

In the 21st century, understanding the quality of education is not only the compliance of students’ knowledge state standards, but also the successful functioning of the educational institution, as well as the activities of each administrator and teacher in the direction of quality assurance educational services At school.

We have selected methods for diagnostics based on these criteria and indicators.

1. The methodology reveals the level of competence of the teacher from the student’s point of view, determines the degree of sympathy of the student for the teacher, shows the real interaction between teacher and student (developed by E. I. Rogov)

2. Methodology A.A. Andreeva “Studying satisfaction with school life.”

3. Methodology for studying self-esteem “What I am” (developedbased on the new Federal State Educational Standards (FSES)).

We can see the results of the diagnostic section at the ascertaining stage in tables “No. 1,2,3

Table No. 1. Development of pedagogical communication, “teacher-student” methodology.

Table No. 2 Level of student satisfaction with school life

Question No. Level											total amount
Short
Average
High

Table No. 3 Methodology for studying self-esteem “what I am”

To the question: think about how you perceive yourself and evaluate yourself based on ten different positive personality traits, the answer was received.
Personality qualities assessed	Yes	No	Sometimes	Don't know
Good	83%		17%
Kind	83%	1%	12%
Smart	95%			4%
Careful	70%	8%	20%
Obedient	50%	12%	17%	8%
Attentive	80%		17%	4%
Polite	80%		12%	8%
Skillful (capable)	83%	4%	8%	4%
Hardworking	83%		12%	4%
Honest	93%		4%	4%

From the above pictures of the methods carried out, we see that the level of pedagogical interaction between teacher and student is high, but there are also students whose level does not reach average.

1. The psychologist, together with the class teacher, develop a topic for the class hour.

2. Regularly hold parent-teacher meetings, and also work with certain parents.

3. Conduct trainings every quarter, etc.

Thus, during the practice, the results of the experimental research were generalized and systematized, and an educational program was developed.Diagnostics were carried outeffectiveness of the quality of the educational process at school No. 25. Analytical work has been drawn up to provide an assessment of the quality management system of the educational process, and recommendations have been developed for improving management activities.

Conclusion

As a result of scientific research practice, a study was conducted as part of writing a master's thesis, namely, the issue of studyingfeatures of management of the main activities that ensure the quality of the results of the educational process at school.

We obtained results that allowed us to conclude that the low results of our students when conducting methods (questionnaires) at the ascertaining stage and the positive dynamics of results at the experimental stage are not random and confirm the need for constant ones;

Trainings,

The psychologist, together with the class teacher, develop topics for the class hour;

Organize work with parents (parental committee) to effectively manage the quality of education in an educational institution.

Diagnostics and analysis of the quality of the educational process of schoolchildren can be considered as the main direction and method of work, allowing purposeful management of the quality of the educational process at school. This involves solving the following problems:

Planning the educational process based on diagnosing the level of education and upbringing of students.

Constantly monitoring the dynamics of the level of quality of student education and developing practical recommendations to improve it.

Diagnostics of value orientations and the level of practical readiness of the teaching staff, especially class teachers, to interact with students in extracurricular activities in order to track the dynamics of the quality of the educational process.

Level diagnostics pedagogical knowledge parents in order to clarify the parental position.

List of sources used

1.Babansky Yu.K. Pedagogy M.2003.-P.366.

2. Bolotov V. A. Assessment of the quality of education. Retrospectives and prospects // School management - 2012 - No. 5 - p. 9 – 11.

3. Bordovsky G.A. Quality management of the educational process: Monograph. / G.A. Bordovsky, A.A.Nesterov, S.Yu. Trapitsyn. - St. Petersburg: Publishing house of the Russian State Pedagogical University named after. A.I. Herzen, 2001. – P 37

4. Korotkov E.M. Quality management of education. - St. Petersburg: Academic Project, 2010. - From 320

5. Maksimova V.N. Diagnostics of training // Pedagogical diagnostics. - 2004. - No. 2. - P. 56

6. Shipareva G.A. Quality monitoring as an element of the educational process management system. Thesis. M: 2013-p.4.34

Upon completion of the master's degree, the student is required to undergo a research internship. This is an opportunity to consolidate all the knowledge accumulated in theory and develop practical skills in their application, so necessary in future profession. Based on the results of his activities, the student draws up a report and presents it to his supervisor.

Scientific research practice (R&D) of master's students

Internship for master's students is a mandatory stage of the educational process in any field - economics, law, pedagogy, etc. Every master's student must take it at the end of the academic semester. The volume and schedule of research work is agreed upon with the scientific supervisor. The undergraduate student also agrees on the place for his temporary work with the academic department.

Goals and objectives of research work

The purpose of the practice can be called systematization of the theoretical base accumulated during the period of study, as well as the formation of skills in conducting scientific research by setting and solving problems on the topic of the dissertation.

The main task of a student’s research work (RW) is to gain experience in studying the problem posed and to select analytical materials for writing his final work.

During research, the student studies:

• information sources on the topic of your dissertation research;
• modeling methods, data collection;
• modern software products;
• rules for preparing scientific and technical reports.

Based on the results of the research, the master's student must finally formulate the topic of his dissertation, prove the relevance and practical value of this topic, develop a program for its study and independently implement scientific research.

Place and features of research internship

Research practice can be carried out on the basis of an organization of any field of activity and form of ownership, the establishment of a system higher education, in a state or municipal government agency.

Research practice for a master’s student consists of the following stages:

1. Preliminary stage (preparation of work plan)
2. Main research stage
3. Compilation of a report

Certification of a master's student based on the results of his work is carried out on the basis of the defense of the submitted report.

To organize research work you need:

1. Select a place for future internship by agreeing with your supervisor;
2. Conclude an agreement between the selected practice base and the university;
3. When directing students to practice, the master's curator organizes a meeting at the university department and provides students with a practice program, diary, direction, individual assignment and other necessary documents.

Head of research work from the university:

• helps write an individual plan for the student;
• studies and evaluates analytical materials collected during the work and the diary;
• provides general management of the research process.

For the entire period of internship, the organization provides the undergraduate with a workplace. The head of practice from the organization is responsible for the current management of the student’s research work (R&D).

INits tasks include:

• drawing up a program implementation plan together with the master’s student;
• monitoring the student’s activities and providing assistance if necessary;
• monitoring the progress of the compiled program;
• verification of analytical materials selected during the research process;
• writing a review (characteristics);
• assistance in reporting.

During the internship period, the student’s work should be organized based on the logic of work on the master’s thesis. A research program is drawn up in accordance with the chosen topic. Master's students are required to regularly make entries in their diaries about all stages of the work. Upon completion research activities You are required to write a report on the master's student's research internship and submit the completed report to the head of the department of your university.

Research practice report

All materials and diary entries collected as a result of practice are systematized and analyzed. Based on them, the undergraduate must make a report, which is submitted within the time frame established by the curriculum scientific supervisor For checking. The last step is to defend the report to your supervisor and the commission. Based on the results of the defense, a grade is given and admission to the next semester is issued.

The practice is assessed on the basis of reporting documentation drawn up by the master's student and his defense. It includes: a completed internship report and a diary.

Structure of the research report

The practice report contains 25 - 30 pages and should have the following structure:

1. Title page.

2. Introduction, including:

2.1. The purpose of the research work, the place and period of its completion.

2.2. List of completed tasks.

3. Main part.

4. Conclusion, including:

4.1. Description of acquired practical skills.

4.2. Individual conclusions about the value of the research conducted.

5. List of sources.

6. Applications.

Also, the main content of the research report includes:

• list of bibliographic sources on the topic of the dissertation;
• review of existing scientific schools on the research topic. Usually presented in the form of a table;
• review of a scientific publication relevant to the topic;
• results of developing a theoretical basis for scientific research on its topic and an abstract review (relevance, degree of development of the direction in various studies, general characteristics subject, goals and objectives of one’s own scientific research, etc.). If the results of the research were presented by the undergraduate at conferences or articles were published in journals, then copies of them are attached to the report.

The main evaluation criteria for the report are:

• logic and structured presentation of research material, completeness of disclosure of the topic, goals and objectives of the study;
• a creative approach to summarizing and analyzing data using the latest scientific methods;
• skills in clear and consistent presentation of material, presentation of the results of one’s work, skills in mastering modern research methods, and selecting demonstration materials;

The final grade depends on the correctness of writing the report, so you should pay due attention to its preparation. You can even contact your supervisor and ask for an example of a report on a master’s student’s research practice. Such an example will help to avoid mistakes in the preparation and execution of the document, and therefore the need to redo the work.

Completing a research internship is an important stage in preparation for writing a master's thesis. Based on the data obtained, a well-written report and the trainee’s diary entries, the final work is subsequently formed.

Introduction
Chapter 1. The main part of the practice program
1.1 Research methodology
1.2 Characteristics of the construction industry of the Republic of Belarus
1.3 Analysis of regulations governing the activities of the construction industry of the Republic of Belarus
1.4 Analysis of statistical data and analytical materials reflecting the development of the construction industry of the Republic of Belarus
Chapter 2. Individual task
2.1. Proposals for improving the organizational and economic mechanism for the development of the construction industry
Conclusion
List of sources used

Introduction

The purpose of the research practice is to consolidate and deepen the theoretical training of the master's student and to study modern approaches to the methodology of economic research, including the structure and procedure for completing a qualifying dissertation.

Practice objectives:

1. Consolidation of knowledge and skills acquired by undergraduates in the process of studying disciplines, mastering educational (including innovative) technologies;
2. Expansion and deepening of knowledge and skills based on self-study scientific, scientific and methodological literature, information and analytical materials, statistical and regulatory sources, as well as the results of our own research;
3. Development personal qualities master's students, determined by the general goals of the master's educational program, including communication and responsibility, allowing them to solve social, professional, organizational, managerial and educational problems; acquisition of professional competence and application of modern methods and approaches to independent economic research and forecasting.

The construction industry of the Republic of Belarus occupies one of the leading places in the country's economy. This is a multidisciplinary and multifunctional structure. The industry development strategy is determined by the Ministry of Architecture and Construction of the Republic of Belarus.

The main efforts of industry scientists are aimed at solving the most important problems of construction production - reducing the cost, material and energy intensity of construction and improving its quality. During the construction process, the material basis for the functioning of all other sectors of the economy is formed - industrial buildings and structures, roads, public buildings. However, the dynamics of other sectors of the economy also influence construction volumes.

The main strategic objective of enterprises in the construction industry is the export of goods and services.

Chapter 1. The main part of the practice program

1.1 Research methodology

Methodology is a system of principles and methods of organizing and constructing theoretical and practical activities, as well as the doctrine of this system.

The object of methodology is the process of scientific research in its integrity.

Science is a sphere of human activity aimed at developing and theoretically systematizing objective knowledge about reality.

A methodological approach is a methodological direction, a methodological position, a point of view from which the object of study is viewed.

Methodological approaches:

The religious approach considers the highest value to be the movement of man towards God, the salvation of the Soul;

The world recognizes the highest value in obtaining material wealth;

Local – the highest value is human longevity;

A systems approach is an approach in which any object is considered as a set of interconnected elements (components) that has an output (goal), input (resources), connection with the external environment, feedback;

The humanistic approach is an optimistic view of human nature;

The culturological approach consists in recognizing the priority of culture in education, upbringing and social development;

The scientistic approach is the general name for an ideological position that represents scientific knowledge the highest cultural value and fundamental factor in human interaction with the world;

Holistic approach is based on the direct holistic relationship between the material and the spiritual. The concept of the integrity of all things is a core concept of holism;

The synergetic approach is a set of principles, the basis of which is the consideration of objects as self-organizing systems;

The hermeneutic approach is a theory of understanding, comprehension of meaning;

The anthropological approach is an approach in which a person is considered as a bearer of universal human properties, as a generic concept denoting a representative of the human race;

The phenomenological approach is the view that social behavior is guided by a person's subjective interpretation of environmental events;

The esoteric approach is a complex of sciences and teachings that study the hidden side of human existence and the world around him;

The scientific research method is a system of principles, rules, techniques and requirements that should be followed in the research process.

Practical methods scientific knowledge: observation, measurement and experiment.

Logical methods: proof, refutation, confirmation, objection, interpretation, explanation, justification.

Heuristic methods: brainstorming method, collective search for original ideas, heuristic question method, free association method, inversion method, empathy method.

Economic theory is the science of choosing the most effective ways to satisfy the unlimited needs of people by rational use limited resources.

Scientific methods of economic research:

The scientific method of economic research is a way of mastering reality, based on a rational, evidence-based, systematic study of the object.

Scientific logical methods of economic research are divided into quantitative and qualitative.

The quantitative method is based on the use of measurable quantities, usually expressed as numbers;

The qualitative method of economic analysis is based on verbal description, interpretation, interpretation and explanation of the properties of the object being studied.

Empirical methods of economic research: economic observation and economic experiment.

Theoretical methods:

Economic analysis is the separation in economic knowledge of fragments of a whole into its component parts;

Economic synthesis is the unification into a single whole of parts, properties, elements identified through economic analysis;

Economic analogy;

Economic modeling is the development of models that reflect various aspects of economic activity, i.e. creation of analogues that reproduce certain aspects of human economic activity;

Economic induction is based on the transition from particular economic facts to general conclusions and provisions;

Economic deduction is based on the transition from general, already proven statements regarding economic theories or facts to more specific conclusions and provisions;

Economic interpretation;

Formalization of economic knowledge;

Historical method in economic research based on the study of economic processes or objects in chronologically successive phases of their existence;

Evolutionary method;

The statistical method is the most important method of economic science, widely used in various studies of economic processes;

Economic statistics is a section of statistics that provides the state and civil society with information about the digital parameters of economic development and related social processes.

Modeling method;

The mathematical method is the most important method of economic science, which received its fundamental development starting from the middle of the 19th century.

The method of economic and mathematical modeling allows us to formally determine the causes of changes economic phenomena, their patterns, consequences, opportunities and costs of influencing the course of changes and also makes forecasting economic processes real. Using this method, economic models are created.

In the process of using economic and mathematical methods in economic analysis the construction and study of economic and mathematical models are carried out, describing the influence of individual factors on the general economic indicators of organizations.

Formalization is an epistemological method based on identifying and fixing the formal structure of the process or phenomenon under study, as well as ascribing some abstract symbols and meanings to the meaningful elements of the process (or phenomenon); the result of the formalization process is the creation of a formalized model of a process or phenomenon, which allows one to obtain new knowledge and information about this process or phenomenon.

An important advantage of the formalization process is the possibility of conducting research within its framework of any object in a purely formal way (through the use of signs, formulas) without directly addressing this object. Here the relations of signs replace statements about the properties and relations of objects.

The most important integral part formalization is its symbolization, which can be defined as the development of a system of certain symbols as part of the creation artificial language Sciences. Symbolization traditionally begins with the use of special scientific terms, which are gradually replaced by certain symbols, and the symbols, grouped and combined with each other, turn into an artificial, special language of science, understandable only to a given group of researchers.

Mathematization is a specific method of formalizing scientific and any other knowledge, based on the use of measurement, comparison and counting procedures.

The logical and epistemological meaning of mathematization is to highlight the formal structure of an object and operate with it. In the case of mathematization, such formal operating is reduced to quantitative, numerical procedures: measurement, comparison and counting.

Econometrics – independent scientific discipline, combining a set of theoretical results, methods and models designed to: economic theory, mathematical statistics and economic measurements, mathematical and statistical tools - to give a specific quantitative expression to general (qualitative) patterns determined by economic theory.

The main method of econometric research is econometric modeling. The latter is a type of mathematical and statistical modeling.

An economic model is a formalized description economic process or a phenomenon whose structure is determined both by its objective properties and the subjective target nature of the study.

1.2 Characteristics of the construction industry of the Republic of Belarus

The construction industry includes construction as a type of activity and a set of organizations focused on management, carrying out research and development work, training, and providing the industry with material and technical resources.

Construction enterprise is an enterprise that operates in the field of construction and carries out scientific, experimental, survey and design work, extraction of raw materials and their processing, production of materials, products and structures, construction of all types of buildings and structures, transport services.

Construction activities (construction) - activities for the construction, reconstruction, repair, restoration, improvement of a facility, including the implementation of organizational and technical activities, including the provision of engineering services in construction, preparation of permits and design documentation, performance of construction, installation, and commissioning works;

The construction object is a building, structure or engineering system for the construction (expansion, reconstruction, restoration, improvement or repair) of which design documentation is being developed.

Types of construction:

– Industrial (plants, factories);

– Transport (roads, bridges, tunnels);

– Civil (residential buildings, public buildings);

– Social (arenas, gyms, shopping and entertainment centers);

– Military (military facilities);

– Hydraulic engineering (dams, dikes, canals, reservoirs).

State regulation in the field of architectural, urban planning and construction activities is carried out by the President of the Republic of Belarus, the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus, the Ministry of Architecture and Construction of the Republic of Belarus, local Councils of Deputies, local executive and administrative bodies and other government bodies.

Legislative, regulatory, scientific and technical policy in the industry is carried out by the Ministry of Architecture and Construction.

The Ministry of Architecture and Construction deals with issues of investment activities in construction, technical regulation, standardization, licensing, legal regulation, ensuring state construction supervision, regulates urban planning issues, and creates regulatory frameworks in the field of architectural and construction work. The Ministry of Architecture and Construction is subordinate to the Council of Ministers and is a specially authorized government body in the field of architectural, urban planning and construction activities on the territory of the Republic of Belarus.

Since the formation of this body government controlled work was carried out to develop and implement state policy in the field of construction, architecture, and urban planning.

In accordance with the Law of the Republic of Belarus “On architectural, urban planning and construction activities in the Republic of Belarus” dated July 5, 2004 No. 300-Z, control and supervision in the field of construction activities is entrusted to the state construction supervision authorities.

State construction supervision is an integral part of the system of state regulation of construction activities on the territory of the Republic of Belarus and is carried out in order to ensure the operational reliability and safety of construction projects, compliance with the established procedure for the construction of facilities, state protection of the interests of consumers of construction products and society.

The main task of state construction supervision bodies is to supervise the compliance of participants in investment activities carrying out construction with the requirements of the legislation of the Republic of Belarus, regulatory and technical and approved design and estimate documentation.

The unified system of state construction supervision bodies consists of: the Department of Control and Supervision of Construction of the State Committee for Standardization, subordinate to the Council of Ministers; Inspections of the Department for regions and the city of Minsk, specialized inspection of the Department. State construction supervision bodies, within their competence, issue conclusions on the readiness of construction projects for acceptance into operation.

Acceptance control is carried out by the acceptance committee upon completion of all construction and installation work. After it, she makes a decision on the readiness of the facility for commissioning.

When accepting objects into operation, the acceptance commission includes representatives of the developer (customer and contractor - in the case of concluding a construction contract), the developer of project documentation, the operating organization, if any, the local executive and administrative body.

A working group operates in the industry on problematic issues construction industry. The working group included representatives of the Presidential Administration, state control and state security committees, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Construction and Architecture, the State Property Committee, construction and design organizations.

The working group on problematic issues in the construction industry holds on-site meetings in the regions of Belarus. One of the main tasks solved by the working group on problematic issues in the construction industry is the issue of unfinished construction projects. The functions of control and monitoring of objects of construction in excess of norms are assigned to city and district executive committees. Responsibility for the proper implementation of control measures is assigned to the chairmen of executive committees. The standard service life of a construction project is indicated in the design documentation.

Holding - association legal entities(members of the holding), in which one of the legal entities (commercial organization) is the management company of the holding due to the ability to influence decisions made by other legal entities - participants of the holding (subsidiaries of the holding), based on ownership of 25% or more simple ( ordinary) shares (shares in authorized funds) of the holding's subsidiaries.

One of the main trends in the global construction market is the consolidation of enterprises through the creation of large holdings providing a wide range of construction services. In the world market, in terms of types of construction services, the largest share falls on the construction of engineering and transport infrastructure facilities and the construction of fuel complex facilities.

The international construction services market is dominated by a few large contractors and their construction services exports are linked to large-scale projects.

Recently, powerful construction holdings have been formed in China, backed by both state-owned banks and private capital. Turnover of one of the largest Chinese construction corporations, China State Construction Engineering Corp. amounts to 66 billion dollars per year.

The largest international engineering and construction holdings are distributed throughout the world: Hochtief AG (Germany), Skanska AB (Sweden) and Lend Lease Group (Australia).

An example of a Chinese financial and construction holding company is the CITIC Company (China International Trust and Investment Corporation). This company is known in Belarus in connection with the implementation of investment projects to modernize Belarusian cement factories. CITIC Construction Co., Ltd. is part of the largest Chinese state corporation CITIC Group.

Subordinate to the State Council of the People's Republic of China, the corporation successfully operates in the financial, investment, trade, commercial and production sectors both in China and in many other countries. It consists of two commercial banks, over fifty subsidiaries and branches in China and eleven companies and representative offices abroad, as well as seven listed companies on the New York, Hong Kong and Australian stock exchanges. Total number The corporation's employees worldwide are more than 70 thousand people.

The corporation includes 44 subsidiaries and banks registered and operating both in China and abroad (in the USA, Canada, Australia, etc.). The CITIC company is a service holding, an association of construction companies owned by large financial groups and intended to serve the interests of the parent (management) group in terms of providing construction and installation services and services for managing the implementation of investment and construction projects.

Strengthening the positions of domestic construction and industrial organizations in the foreign construction market can only be facilitated by their consolidation (creation of integrated companies), which can export complex construction services and construction products. The processes of globalization of the economy contribute to the fact that international trade in construction services and building materials leads to the consolidation of suppliers of construction services, the formation of strategic alliances and other forms of cooperation, allowing both to expand the geographical coverage of world markets and to increase the complexity of meeting customer needs.

In foreign countries, the most common forms of construction holdings are: financial-construction and industrial-construction holdings. The benefits of corporate integrated structures in the construction industry can only be realized when the structures are united main goal based on respect for the common interests of their participants.

Setl Group is one of the largest financial and industrial associations in the Northwestern region of Russia. Today Setl Group is a diversified investment and industrial group developing its activities both in Russia and abroad. The holding consolidates a number of companies specializing in development, general contracting services, sale of building materials, brokerage operations in the real estate market, consulting and information technology.

The holding unites such well-known brands as Petersburg Real Estate, Setl City, Setl Estate, Setl North Europe and others.

The Setl City company specializes in the construction of residential, office, hotel, and retail buildings and the creation of infrastructure around them.

The holding company Setl City carries out the construction of commercial and social purpose in St. Petersburg, Leningrad region, Kaliningrad.

Setl Stroy is a dynamically developing professional general contracting organization with its own production base. The company's field of activity is performing the functions of a general contractor and subcontractor at various sites, performing major repairs, as well as reconstruction and restoration of significant cultural objects.

LLC “Complete Construction “Petersburg Real Estate” is a representative of the Setl Group building materials supply unit. The company KS "Petersburg Real Estate" is the largest participant in the building materials market, acting as an official dealer of many manufacturing plants in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region.

Among the organization’s partners are such companies as LSR Group, METINVEST Holding, H+H Group of Companies and others.

Having stable access to building materials at low prices allows us to achieve a reduction in the cost of construction of Setl Group holding facilities.

The construction holding Belstroytsentr-Holding, consisting of 20 enterprises with a total number of employees of about 36 thousand people, is registered in the Republic of Belarus.

The structure unites installation, construction and specialized organizations of the Ministry of Construction and Architecture. The holding was created to develop the export of construction services. Enterprises conduct their economic activities and operate independently within the country. Part of the companies' profits, allocated for dividends, is sent to the general fund and accumulated in accounts to provide economic guarantees with the participation of Belarusian construction organizations in competitive bidding abroad, opening access to large export projects. When participating in tenders, enterprises must provide bank guarantees or pledges (from 5 to 10% of the cost of the object).

The creation of holdings will ensure the development of mechanisms for economic self-regulation of organizations, the expansion of their export potential, and will allow organizations to implement large projects in construction industry, including abroad.

Holding companies must be formed from among large contracting organizations, design organizations, as well as integrated structures that consolidate the interests of enterprises in the building materials and structures industry.

Success in foreign markets opens up new prospects for development for enterprises in the construction industry, strengthens the economy and the national currency, and ensures a return on investment.

Architectural project - design documentation for the construction, reconstruction, restoration, major repairs, improvement of a construction site, including a decision on the location, physical parameters, artistic and aesthetic qualities of the construction site, as well as possible negative consequences its impact on environment and determining the technical and economic indicators of the construction project.

Carrying out state examination of architectural and construction projects, construction phases allocated in them, start-up complexes and estimates (estimate documentation) is provided by the State Committee for Standardization of the Republic of Belarus.

To reduce the risk of exceeding budgets and deadlines, industry enterprises created a small division within themselves, which, based on incoming 2D documentation, developed information models of construction projects. As a result, a huge number of errors and inconsistencies between the initial data contained in the project and the actual conditions of the area were found. Information modeling tools in in this case were used, but the process itself was broken. It would be much more efficient at the design stage to develop the project in the form of an information model and receive working documentation from it. This would speed up the process of its creation and improve the quality, and the construction company would not have to do the work for the designers and correct errors after the working documentation arrived at the construction site.

Many designers did not create a full-fledged 3D model filled with comprehensive information. In order not to model the entire object, some of the models were made in 2D, that is, in a plane. Only the most complex systems and sections (engineering communications and façade connecting nodes). Design work was carried out in AutoCAD (and other CAD programs).

In recent years, solutions have appeared on the market that can transform all investment and construction activities - these are information technologies widely used in the world (USA, Japan, UK, China): BIM (Building Information Modeling).

BIM technology is a 3D model, which, in addition to the ability to detail building elements, contains a huge amount of data that is displayed in different ways (plans, sections, specifications in the form of tables) and is used not only in design, but also in construction and operation throughout the entire life cycle object. After creating a model of an object, it is possible to find out its almost exact cost. This is the only technology that guarantees quality at all stages (pre-investment stage, design, construction, operation), providing comprehensive control in an automated manner. Based on the information model, it is possible to organize the integrated work of all participants (project structure), build a living (changing during implementation), accurate logistics, administrative, legal and financial model of any project. The model can be made a repository of all information on the project, all transactions, all contracts, regulations, SNiPs, GOSTs, etc. This is a powerful management tool.

Today, about 10 countries around the world provide government support for BIM technologies, the Republic of Belarus is one of them. In the UK, from 2016, all capital construction financed from the budget will be carried out only using information modeling technologies. In the UK, a development concept until 2025 has been developed, which sets out the main objectives: to halve construction time, reduce costs for the entire investment cycle by 30%, increase exports and minimize the impact on the environment. It is impossible to achieve your goals without the use of BIM technologies.

The main priorities of informatization of the construction industry for 2016-2020 are information modeling, cloud computing technologies, integration of information resources, and ensuring information security.

In the Republic of Belarus, work is actively underway to introduce integrated automated design systems and information technologies for managing the life cycle of a construction project.

The process of introducing BIM in the Republic of Belarus began with design production. UE "Belpromproekt", RUE "Institute Belgosproekt", OJSC "Institute "Minskgrazhdanproekt", UE "Minskproekt", OJSC "Institute "Gomelproekt", UE "Minskinzhproekt" and a number of other organizations are already designing construction projects using information modeling technology. Belarusian National Technical University provides training for the implementation of building information modeling technology. The university connected to educational program Autodesk, receiving free use of all the necessary products for training, retraining and advanced training of specialists. There is an “Innovation Center for the Development and Application of BIM Technology” in the Belarusian state university.

IT company Autodesk is a supplier of Revit Architecture and Revit Structure software for the construction industry.

1.3 Analysis of regulations governing the activities of the construction industry of the Republic of Belarus

The Law of the Republic of Belarus “On architectural, urban planning and construction activities in the Republic of Belarus” dated July 5, 2004 No. 300-Z establishes a list of state bodies that regulate the field of architectural, urban planning and construction activities.

The law provides basic terms and their definitions related to architectural, urban planning and construction activities in the Republic of Belarus.

Law No. 300-Z defines the rights and responsibilities of government bodies, organizations, and individuals carrying out architectural, urban planning and construction activities.

Chapter 2 defines the competence of the Ministry of Architecture and Construction of the Republic of Belarus in the field of architectural, urban planning and construction activities. The Ministry of Architecture and Construction of the Republic of Belarus, which is a specially authorized state body in the field of architectural, urban planning and construction activities, within its competence:

Develops and implements the main directions of state urban planning policy, state policy in the field of architectural, urban planning and construction activities, the building materials industry, ensures the implementation of a unified state policy in the field of investment;

Establishes the procedure for creating and maintaining a republican fund of project documentation and a republican data bank of analogous objects for the construction of facilities, provision for use and use of materials and data from the specified fund and data bank;

Organizes the creation and maintenance of the urban planning cadastre;

Organizes the development of programs in the field of architectural, urban planning and construction activities, as well as the implementation of research work in the field of architectural, urban planning and construction activities;

Develops and adopts regulatory legal acts in the field of architectural, urban planning and construction activities;

Participates in the development and implementation of state forecasts and programs for the socio-economic development of the Republic of Belarus, as well as investment projects in accordance with investment agreements concluded with the Republic of Belarus, interstate target and state scientific and technical programs in the field of architectural, urban planning and construction activities, taking into account the development of territories and populated areas;

Organizes scientific, methodological, information and analytical support for architectural, urban planning and construction activities on the territory of all administrative-territorial and territorial units;

Carries out regulation and coordination of the activities of subordinates, methodological guidance of other structural divisions local executive and administrative bodies exercising state authority in the field of architectural, urban planning and construction activities on the territory of an administrative-territorial unit (territorial divisions of architecture and urban planning);

Determines the types of work and services related to construction activities;

Determines the procedure for carrying out technical supervision and architectural supervision of construction;

Coordinates the work of subordinate state research, design, survey and other organizations;

Establishes the procedure for organizing and conducting monitoring of objects of architectural, urban planning and construction activities.

Chapter 3 of the law covers issues of permitting documentation, as well as permits for construction and installation work.

A permit to carry out construction and installation work is issued free of charge to the customer, developer by state construction supervision authorities, certain legislative acts, in the presence of documents, the list of which is established by the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus.

Chapter 4 of the law determines the procedure for creating and maintaining a republican fund of project documentation and a republican data bank of analogue objects for the construction of facilities.

The creation and maintenance of the republican fund of project documentation and the republican data bank of analogue objects for the construction of facilities, the provision for use and use of materials and data from the specified fund and data bank are carried out by an organization authorized by the Ministry of Architecture and Construction of the Republic of Belarus. The law determines the procedure for financing architectural, urban planning and construction activities. Financing of construction activities is carried out from the republican and local budgets, funds from developers, as well as other sources.

The procedure for carrying out state examination of architectural and construction projects, the construction queues allocated in them, start-up complexes and estimates (budget documentation) is determined.

Architectural and construction projects, construction phases allocated in them, start-up complexes and estimates (budget documentation) are subject to state examination, carried out on a paid basis in cases and in the manner established by the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus.

Chapter 6 is devoted to the functions of control and supervision in the field of architectural, urban planning and construction activities.

Supervision in the field of construction activities is carried out in order to ensure compliance by participants in construction activities with legislation, including mandatory compliance with the requirements of technical regulatory legal acts, in preparation for construction, development of project documentation, performance of construction and installation, commissioning works, acceptance of the facility into operation, and also during its operation during the warranty period.

The law establishes a list of functions performed by state construction supervision bodies. Law No. 300-Z establishes the rights of state construction supervision authorities and establishes cases as a result of which state construction supervision authorities suspend or prohibit work on construction sites.

Chapter 9 of Law No. 300-Z is devoted to the procedure for developing pre-project (pre-investment) and project documentation.

The Law of the Republic of Belarus dated July 5, 2004 “On architectural, urban planning and construction activities in the Republic of Belarus” determines the procedure for accepting into operation completed construction and reconstruction projects, including construction queues and start-up complexes.

The Law establishes standard operating (service) periods for the construction project (indicated in the project documentation).

Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus dated June 6, 2011. No. 716 contains provisions on the procedure for accepting construction projects into operation. Objects, regardless of sources of financing, are subject to acceptance into operation by acceptance commissions.

The resolution defines the quality criteria by which, upon acceptance into operation, the object is assessed by the acceptance committee (222). If necessary, acceptance committees carry out control measurements, assign control tests, tests and inspections of objects.

Acceptance of objects into operation is formalized by an act of acceptance of the object into operation according to forms approved by the Ministry of Architecture and Construction. The act of acceptance of the object into operation is signed by all members of the acceptance committee. At the end of the work of the acceptance committee, its chairman presents the act of acceptance of the object into operation to the person (body) who appointed the acceptance committee. The act of acceptance of an object into operation is approved by a decision (order, resolution, resolution) of the person (body) who appointed the acceptance committee.

Chapter 2 defines the work procedure of acceptance committees. Acceptance commissions are appointed by the customer, developer or an organization authorized by them by adopting an appropriate decision (order, resolution, regulation), which indicates the composition of the acceptance commission, its chairman, appointed from among its members, and the start and end dates of the commission's work.

The developer (customer and contractor - in the case of concluding a construction contract) submits to the acceptance commission the documents necessary for the commission’s work according to the list determined by the Ministry of Architecture and Construction. The compliance of objects accepted for operation with design documentation, safety requirements and operational reliability must be confirmed by the conclusions of state bodies (their structural divisions).

Chapter 5 defines the features of acceptance into operation of production infrastructure facilities. Production infrastructure objects are allowed to be accepted into operation only after confirmation by the working commission for acceptance of equipment (working commission) that the installed equipment is ready for operation, production of products (performance of work, provision of services) in accordance with the design documentation.

The working commission is appointed by the developer, the customer or an organization authorized by them. The working commission includes representatives of the developer (customer and contractors, including those who carried out installation and commissioning work - in the case of concluding construction contracts), the developer of design documentation, the operating organization, if any, and, if necessary, representatives of the supplier (manufacturer) equipment.

The resolution contains a list of state bodies (their structural divisions) and other state organizations that issue conclusions when accepting objects for operation.

Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus dated December 28, 2009 No. 660 “On some issues of the creation and activities of holdings in the Republic of Belarus” determines the legal status of the holding, the procedure for its creation and operating conditions.

A holding is an association of legal entities (holding participants), in which one of the legal entities - a commercial organization - is the holding's management company due to the ability to influence decisions made by other legal entities - holding participants (subsidiaries of the holding), on the basis of:

Ownership of 25 percent or more of ordinary (ordinary) shares (shares in authorized funds) of the holding's subsidiaries;

Managing the activities of the holding’s subsidiaries – unitary enterprises established by the holding’s management company;

Trust management agreements for 25 percent or more common shares (shares in authorized funds) of the holding's subsidiaries.

The holding is not a legal entity. A holding is created by decision of the holding’s management company or owner, and a holding, the management company of which is a state unitary enterprise, is created by a decision of the republican government body, another state organization subordinate to the President of the Republic of Belarus or the Government of the Republic of Belarus, a local executive and administrative body.

The Decree defines cases in which the creation and activities of holdings are prohibited. It is prohibited to create and operate on the territory of the Republic of Belarus holdings that have the goal or result of monopolizing the production and (or) sale of goods (work, services), preventing, restricting or eliminating competition.

Before submitting documents for registration of a holding, the holding's management company (the owner or his authorized person) must obtain the consent of the antimonopoly authority for its creation in cases provided for by the Law of the Republic of Belarus of December 12, 2013 “On combating monopolistic activities and developing competition.”

State bodies and management companies of holdings with state participation ensure the development of an organizational and economic feasibility study for the creation of a holding.

The decree contains a list of documents required for registration of a holding company, which the holding management company (the owner or his authorized person) submits to the Ministry of Economy.

Registration of the holding is carried out by the Ministry of Economy. After registration, information about the holding is entered into the State Register of Holdings. The Ministry of Economy issues a certificate of registration of the holding with a list of participants in the holding.

The inclusion of a legal entity among the participants of the holding as its subsidiary (exclusion of a subsidiary of the holding from the list of its participants) is carried out on the basis of a decision of the holding’s management company, adopted in the manner determined by its charter (memorandum of association), or the owner. To include a legal entity among the participants of the holding, the consent of the antimonopoly authority must be obtained. If a decision is made to include a legal entity among the participants of the holding as its subsidiary and the consent of the antimonopoly authority is received (a decision is made to exclude a subsidiary of the holding from the list of its participants), the management company of the holding (the owner or his authorized person) is obliged to contact the Ministry of Economy with an application to amend the list of holding participants. The Ministry of Economy makes changes to the list of holding participants by drawing up a new list and issues this list to the holding management company.

The Decree determines the procedure for ensuring the confidentiality of information received by the holding from its subsidiaries. The holding's management company is obliged to ensure the confidentiality of information received from the holding's subsidiaries. It also regulates the creation of holdings with the participation of banks and non-bank financial institutions, insurance organizations, which is carried out taking into account the features defined by legislative acts.

The plan of measures for the implementation of the Informatization Development Strategy of the Republic of Belarus provides for the development of a state program for the development of the digital economy of the information society for 2016–2020. In development of this activity, the Ministry of Architecture and Construction of the Republic of Belarus is developing a sectoral program for informatization of the construction industry “Digital Construction for 2016–2020”.

The main sections of the activities of the industry program for informatization of the construction industry “Digital Construction for 2016–2020” include the following areas:

Development of an industry automated system, which provides for the automation of formation processes information support preparation of management decisions at the level of the entire industry, using modern technologies of analytical processing and data mining;

Creation of integrated information systems for managing the resources of a specific enterprise (creation of standard innovative services);

The creation of information systems and technologies that support the life cycle of buildings and structures is a key section that involves the development and adaptation of standard cloud services for building a management system for investment and construction activities using information modeling of a building (structure) and the implementation of integrated project management systems based on them in contracting organizations;

Creation of industry information resources in order to create a unified information environment in the construction industry. This concerns the improvement of the republican data bank of estimate standards, the creation of an industry-wide design data management system based on a corporate repository of electronic design and estimate documentation and information models, an electronic catalog of products and materials for construction with the inclusion of digital models and product series in order to import this information into design solutions and ensure the rapid implementation of products manufactured by enterprises in the construction industry;

Training of students, advanced training of managers, specialists in the field of information technology, including the creation of new training centers, holding seminars, round tables.

1.4 Analysis of statistical data and analytical materials reflecting the development of the construction industry of the Republic of Belarus

The main indicators characterizing the construction industry of the Republic of Belarus are presented in Table 1 - Main indicators characterizing the construction industry of the Republic of Belarus for 2012 - 2016.

Table 1 – Main indicators characterizing the construction industry of the Republic of Belarus for 2012 – 2016.

Index	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Gross domestic product, billion rubles, 2016 – million rubles.	547616,7	670688,5	805792,7	899098,1	94321,4
Volume of contract work performed by type of activity: “Construction”, billion rubles, 2016 – million rubles.	69170,9	94989,1	105500,5	92255,8	8107,8
Share of gross value added by type of activity: “Construction” in GDP, %	7,3	10,0	10,4	7,8	6,3
Number of construction organizations, units	10082	11133	11351	10173	9515
Number of people employed in construction, thousand people.	360,9	369,7	376,7	350,3	308,0
The volume of investments received from foreign investors in the real sector of the economy, (thousand US dollars)	213191,0	200764,3	297270,8	111412,0	118691,5

In the structure of gross domestic product, the share of construction in 2016 was 6.3%. The construction industry employs 308 thousand people.

The share of those employed in construction of the total employed population is 7%. The nominal accrued average monthly salary is 736.2 rubles. The industry unites 9,515 business entities of various forms of ownership.

The main factor determining the development trends of the construction industry is the general economic situation in the country. The construction industry is characterized by inertia, which is expressed in the fact that the main sectors of the economy create demand for the products of the construction industry.

The change in construction volumes was influenced by the economic crisis of 2008–2009, as well as the economic downturn in 2012 and 2014, which resulted in the weakening of the Belarusian ruble. Waves of crises caused a decrease in the performance of industries in the Republic of Belarus, as a result of which the investment opportunities of business entities operating in the territory of the Republic of Belarus and the state decreased. There was a decrease in investment in fixed assets, which caused a drop in demand for construction and installation work.

The economic crisis is global in nature: it has affected the economies of countries, main trade and economic partners, and the Republic of Belarus. The situation on the foreign exchange market of the Russian Federation (devaluation of the Russian ruble), the fall in investment activity seriously affected the export volumes of enterprises of the Republic of Belarus. Belarusian developers have become less competitive compared to other companies. At the same time, the marginality of the Russian market has decreased. If in 2014 the Russian Federation was the main consumer of construction and installation works of enterprises of the Republic of Belarus, then by 2016 it took second place, losing its position to Venezuela. China ranks third in terms of consumption of construction industry products.

Demand in foreign markets for construction industry products has become less stable, competition has increased sharply, changes have occurred in the structure of exports of construction and installation works, and enterprise incomes have decreased. Foreign exchange earnings from the export of construction services, which are a source of development for both enterprises in the construction industry and the entire economy of the Republic of Belarus, are showing slow growth.

Export allows you to increase the capacity utilization of enterprises in the construction industry of the Republic of Belarus.

In 2016, 80.6% of the volume of contract work was carried out by non-state owned enterprises. Figure 3 shows the volume of contract work by type of ownership (as a percentage of the total).

The share of contract work performed by private organizations for the period from 2010 to 2016 significantly exceeds the share of contract work performed by government organizations.

State organizations engaged in the construction of facilities face high competition from private organizations, as well as the risks of implementing projects associated with the search for financing. The predominance of private enterprises performing construction and installation work indicates high competition in the construction industry, the result of which is an increase in the quality of construction and installation work, as well as the establishment of market prices for products and services. The growth in the number of foreign organizations is evidence of increased business activity in the industry and the efficiency of investing in the construction of facilities in the territory of the Republic of Belarus.

During the period under review, there was a constant increase in the share of private and foreign firms against the backdrop of a reduction in the share of the public sector.

The largest number of contract works is carried out in Minsk, Minsk, Gomel, Brest and Grodno regions.

The volume of buildings commissioned is presented in Table 2 – Volume of buildings commissioned for 2012 – 2016.

Table 2 – Volume of buildings commissioned for 2012 – 2016

In 2016, the volume of commissioning of non-residential buildings was 7% of the total number of buildings. In physical terms, the volume of building construction decreased slightly.

In 2016, the largest share in the structure of commissioned non-residential buildings was occupied by agricultural, industrial and commercial buildings. The above types of non-residential buildings represent the fixed assets of enterprises in various industries of the Republic of Belarus. Due to a decrease in the volume of investments in fixed capital, the commissioning of fixed assets decreased, and accordingly, the volume of commissioning of non-residential buildings in 2016 decreased. Increasing the investment activity of business entities in the Republic of Belarus will increase the volume of construction of non-residential buildings.

The largest share in the structure of costs for production of products (works, services) of organizations in the construction industry of the Republic of Belarus in 2016 is occupied by material costs - 53.8%, as well as labor costs - 26.0%.

The material basis of construction is the industry of building materials and structures. Reducing costs by optimizing the production costs of building materials and structures will reduce the cost of products (works, services), thereby increasing their competitiveness, both in the domestic market and in foreign countries. Reducing the cost of construction will increase the export of products, construction and installation works.

Increasing labor productivity will reduce the costs of production of products (works, services) of construction organizations.

The volume of exports of construction services from enterprises in the construction industry is presented in Table 3 - Volume of exports of construction services from enterprises in the construction industry for 2012 – 2016.

Table 3 – Volume of exports of construction services from construction industry enterprises

for 2012 – 2016 (Thousands of US dollars).

Total	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
	374980,1	869879,8	1139231,6	979646,6	1016726,0
of them:
Venezuela	67104,0	25951,4	257033,5	134635,5	339942,7
China	21254,3	192950,1	231199,5	302541,8	224124,8
Lithuania	17725,5	53947,6	61709,6	26475,5	23533,3
Russian Federation	150300,9	307919,7	399740,5	301229,2	271803,5
Slovenia	21009,3	60996,1	42087,5	19667,2	13566,2
Turkmenistan	19224,0	64102,0	46570,0	87561,2	81151,0

In 2016, the largest number of construction works and services is exported to Venezuela, Russian Federation, China and Turkmenistan.

The volumes of exports of construction and installation works and services increased during the period under review. Increasing export volumes is the main way to ensure the development of the industry, maintaining jobs and wages, which was achieved thanks to the active modernization of the construction industry. In physical terms, exports of works and services of enterprises increased.

The increase in export volumes is facilitated by:

Reducing the cost of construction of facilities by reducing costs at all stages of the investment and construction cycle (pre-project stage, engineering surveys, design, construction and installation work) and reducing resource consumption through the introduction of information modeling technologies;

Intensifying the participation of enterprises, as well as holding companies, in contract bidding for the construction of large-scale facilities outside the country;

Expanding export supplies to partner countries, searching for new markets, actively promoting products, works and services of Belarusian enterprises, as well as increasing the efficiency of foreign economic relations in the field of construction.

The development strategy for the construction industry is determined by the Ministry of Architecture and Construction of the Republic of Belarus.

The structure of the Ministry of Architecture and Construction of the Republic of Belarus includes:

Subordinate to the Minister of Architecture and Construction are: the department of personnel policy, the department of regulatory legal support construction industry, department of finance, credit and regulation of accounting and reporting in the construction industry, sector of security-secret activities and mobilization preparation, press secretary.

Subordinate to the First Deputy Minister are: the housing policy department, the information and control department.

The Deputy Ministers are subordinate to: the Main Directorate of Construction, the Main Directorate of Urban Development, Design, Scientific, Technical and Innovation Policy, the Main Directorate of the Industry of Building Materials and Structures, the Department of State Property, the Main Directorate of Economics and Foreign Economic Activity.

The structure of the Ministry of Architecture and Construction of the Republic of Belarus is presented in Appendix A.

In 2016, the largest number of objects under construction are located in the Minsk, Vitebsk and Gomel regions.

The number of unfinished construction projects includes objects on which all necessary work has not been completed within the time period established by the project documentation, which is why they are not ready for normal operation. These objects belong to the category of objects of excess construction. The number of unfinished construction projects also includes construction projects whose construction has been suspended or mothballed.

Positive dynamics are observed: the number of construction projects exceeding construction duration standards has decreased.

However, the number of objects of excess construction in progress remains significant (over 4 thousand objects), which indicates the need to take additional measures to strengthen control in this area. The reasons for non-compliance need to be clarified regulatory deadlines construction.

The number of construction projects under construction is presented in Table 4 - Number of construction projects under construction for 2011 - 2016.

Table 4 – Number of construction projects under construction for 2011 – 2016 (units, at the end of the year).

The following construction holdings operate in the Republic of Belarus: Mogilevvodstroy, Zabudova, SmartTek, Energostroyinvest, ZKS, Belavtodor, Blagomir Group of Companies, Parus, Stroytrest-Holding, Zodchiy ", "Belarusian Cement Company", "Upper City - 1", "Belstroytsentr - Holding". The largest part of them are horizontally integrated holdings, consisting of enterprises performing construction and installation work in certain areas. Construction holdings include 105 enterprises.

The largest holdings are Belavtodor and Belstroytsentr. In the Republic of Belarus there are no vertically integrated holdings that carry out the entire technological chain from the production of building materials, design and ending with the construction of the facility, the creation of infrastructure, including banking, insurance, design, and research organizations. The Republic of Belarus has the potential and necessary resources to create vertically integrated holdings.

Construction holdings operating on the territory of the Republic of Belarus, the number of their participants are presented in Table 5 - Construction holdings operating on the territory of the Republic of Belarus.

Table 5 – Construction holdings operating on the territory of the Republic of Belarus.

In the Republic of Belarus, the most significant BIM facility will be the multifunctional complex “Gazprom Center” for OJSC Gazprom Transgaz Belarus, designed by the St. Petersburg design bureau “ViPS”. Thanks to the use of information modeling technology, it was possible to save $1.5 million. The designed complex is located in close proximity to the National Library and consists of several buildings that will house administrative offices, a hotel with a congress center, medical and sports centers.

The UK government, when launching a project to use BIM at all government facilities, set the goal of achieving a 20% reduction in construction costs. Already the first pilot projects made it possible to exceed this figure.

In the UK today, 5 schools are being built for the price of 4, which in monetary terms is 2 billion pounds sterling.

In Russia, a calculation was made of the savings that can be achieved on construction projects in Moscow. We took as an example Government program"Dwelling". Annually, within its framework, investments in housing construction are made in the amount of about 300 billion rubles. Successful implementation of information modeling technology will make it possible to save up to a third of the budget per year, or approximately 100 billion rubles. At approximate cost high school for 1000 places, 1 billion rubles, funds saved through the use of BIM can be used to build 100 new schools.

The research company McGraw Hill Construction, which studies the global construction market, has come to the conclusion that the more projects companies carry out using BIM technology, the greater the return on investment. The payback of implementing BIM, according to statistics, is 5 to 1. The payback of the technology is achieved both in the form of a direct return of money for construction companies and construction customers, and in the form of won tenders for design organizations.

An architect (designer) cannot be held responsible for the final result of construction if he has no influence on the implementation of the project. The cost of a designer’s mistake is extremely high and multiplies many times over the entire life cycle.

Through end-to-end information system Based on the information model of the object, the interaction of participants and construction logistics are organized throughout the entire life cycle - from the architect, material manufacturers, designers and technical specialists, through accounting programs and warehouses to the construction site and commissioning of the finished object. In some areas, the efficiency of work has increased by 2 times. Thanks to forward planning, it is also possible to see the resource and manpower requirements for each day in advance.

Along with information modeling technologies or as their logical continuation, there is a comprehensive solution for automation of construction organizations based on SAP AG solutions.

Chapter 2. Individual task

2.1. Proposals for improving the organizational and economic mechanism for the development of the construction industry

The management structure of the construction industry requires improvement. The managerial (organizational) mechanism must meet the requirements of the time as much as possible. Particular attention must be paid to the issues of above-standard construction, cost optimization at all stages of the investment and construction cycle, improving quality and competitiveness domestic enterprises construction industry. The industry needs to maintain its production potential, ensure that the dynamics of construction volumes are maintained and that export volumes increase. With the recovery from the global crisis, the construction industry will require personnel and capacity of the building materials industry, which must be preserved.

1) According to the National Classifier of the Republic of Belarus “Types of Economic Activities” OKRB 005-2011, construction includes:

1. Construction of buildings: implementation of projects related to the construction of buildings and general construction of buildings;
2. Civil engineering: construction of roads and railways, construction of distribution engineering structures,
3. construction of other engineering structures;
4. Special construction work: demolition of buildings and structures, preparation of a construction site, installation and installation of engineering equipment of buildings and structures, finishing work, other special construction work.

The structure of the Ministry of Architecture and Construction of the Republic of Belarus is given in Appendix A. A comparative analysis of the structure of the construction industry by type of economic activity (by management objects) and the structure of the Ministry of Architecture and Construction revealed their inconsistency. In order to increase the efficiency of management of the construction industry, it is proposed to change the structure of the Ministry of Architecture and Construction of the Republic of Belarus by adding the following divisions to the existing structure:

– Department of building construction;

– Civil Engineering Department;

– Management of special construction works (Appendix B).

It is proposed to subordinate the above departments to the main construction department. As a result, a new management structure will be created, corresponding to the structure of the construction industry by type of economic activity.

2) Detailed control function in construction includes:

Creation of a system of independent bodies to monitor construction projects with exceeding construction deadlines. It is proposed to subordinate them to the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus.

The main department and departments for the regions and the city of Minsk for above-standard construction will include specialists in the field of construction: design engineers, designers, civil engineers, estimators.

The tasks of the bodies are:

1. Collection of information about unfinished construction projects for which regulatory deadlines have been exceeded;
2. Compilation, modification and updating of the list of unfinished construction projects located in the regions and the city of Minsk.
3. Finding out the reasons for non-compliance with regulatory construction deadlines;
4. Work with appeals from citizens and legal entities (organizations) regarding issues of untimely commissioning of construction projects;
5. Transfer of information for inspection to the Department of Control and Supervision of Construction or its inspection in case of detection of violations of the requirements of technical regulatory legal acts, design documentation during construction and installation work;
6. Transfer of information to the State Control Committee in case of detection of offenses;
7. Transfer of a construction project into the ownership of another construction organization (alienation) through an auction or on a gratuitous basis to a state organization, in the event of detection of offenses, in the event that the organization that has exceeded the deadline for the construction of the facility is not able to complete the construction on its own. The transfer of a construction project is carried out after a state examination of the object in order to maintain the specified quality.

3) Formation of vertically integrated holdings, creation on their basis of clusters consisting of organizations that complement each other and include: design, construction organizations, organizations that produce construction products, research institutes, insurance, investment companies. The cluster is distinguished from the holding by its innovative focus, as well as the possibility of obtaining excess profits through the introduction of innovations into the production process and the creation of new unique products.

In a vertically integrated holding company, companies are internal suppliers to each other and, at transfer prices, transfer to each other along the chain the intermediate by-product necessary for the production of the final product. Thanks to this approach, companies reduce costs, unify operating rules and, within the framework of their holding, produce more competitive products than other enterprises in the same market segment.

Creation of vertically integrated production structures. Such companies operate on the principle of large corporations, combining in their structure several subsidiaries that provide a closed production cycle (vertically integrated structures in construction include: architectural and design organizations, enterprises for the production of building materials and structures, construction organizations, specialized installation enterprises).

Holdings are created in order to grow and scale, so it is preferable to combine mainly strong assets. Holdings must include enterprises with a certain (similar) level of economic development.

Holding companies are formed for a specific purpose - to conquer new market sectors and reduce costs. These factors increase the value of the company and its capitalization.

Integration companies have the following advantages compared to separate commercial organizations:

1. Realization of the scale effect of the resources used (human, material, financial, information);
2. Optimization of the conditions and cost of supplies to enterprises of domestic and imported material and raw materials;
3. Possibility of diversification of production (production of new products with high added value);
4. The ability to implement coordinated financial, investment, and credit policies;
5. Obtaining the image of a large and influential integration structure in the foreign market; increasing export revenues due to the development of new markets;
6. Optimization of marketing policy and sales;
7. Optimization of innovation policy, the possibility of carrying out major scientific developments; increasing the chances of attracting large extra-budgetary sources of financing, increasing the capitalization of enterprises, increasing investment attractiveness.

As a result, the effectiveness of production and economic activities increases.

When forecasting the production and economic activities of a consolidating structure, it is expected to obtain the effect of: optimizing management structures, optimizing material and technical supplies, and increasing export revenue.

The effect of optimizing management structures is defined as a reduction in labor costs by 0.3 - 1.3% (depending on the enterprise) due to optimization of the number of financial and economic services (sales departments, foreign economic activity, finance, logistics, service marketing) as a result of consolidation of sales and financial functions in the management company.

The effect of optimizing material and technical supply was calculated as a 5% reduction in the cost of raw materials and supplies as part of the total costs of production and sales of products by optimizing the conditions and cost of delivery of imported and domestic raw materials by creating a centralized supply system. It provides savings due to lower prices due to an increase in the volume of purchases by one buyer, which is the management company. As a result, suppliers are placed in conditions of fierce competition and are forced to offer more favorable prices and delivery conditions.

The effect of an increase in export revenue was defined as an increase of 5% due to the development of new markets (CIS countries, the Middle East, the European Union), optimization of sales policy and sales marketing, consolidation of the distribution network through the distribution of stable market positions of stronger participants in the consolidating structure to other enterprises, included in the structure of an integrated company. Forecast calculations showed that by fully utilizing the potential capabilities of integrated structures and building a high-quality risk management system in the medium term, it is possible to achieve an annual 10% increase in net profit with an average increase in sales volumes of 3.2% and a reduction in costs by 0.6%. .

The most important task of the holding is to ensure centralized financing and management, striving for a balance between controllability and independence of organizations.

4) Application of information modeling technology includes:

Purchase and use by design organizations, large enterprises and holdings in their activities of software that allows you to create a 3D model of a construction project, containing all the necessary information for planning and implementing the entire range of works on design, construction, logistics, and operation throughout the entire life cycle of the facility.

The created digital 3D model will allow you to determine the exact cost of the project. The technology allows you to accurately determine the need for materials, draw up a work schedule, and determine the costs of performing work at all stages of the creation and operation of a construction project. The technology allows you to set at the design stage all the necessary requirements for the quality of the object and significantly simplify the procedure for quality control of all operations during the implementation of the project.

Information modeling is the latest approach to the design, construction and management of technical resources of a construction project throughout its full life cycle.

BIM is a digital description of the geometry of a construction project and its elements, as well as the associated physical, technical, economic parameters and processes.

– Development of multi-variant design solutions;

– Optimization of energy consumption, environmental impacts and determining the operational qualities of the facility;

– Creation of high-quality design documentation and visual representations;

– Drawing up estimates and construction plans;

– Ordering and manufacturing of materials and equipment;

– Building construction management;

– Management of building operation and technical equipment;

– Design and management of reconstruction or renovation of a building;

– Demolition and disposal of the building.

The creation and use of BIM occurs continuously throughout the life cycle of a building.

Creating a model from information-rich graphic elements and interaction of all participants through a special server makes it possible to reduce the labor intensity of design by up to 70% and attribute the main costs of modeling to the cost of delivery and construction and installation work. According to foreign experience in using BIM (given the high productivity in developed countries), costs are reduced:

– By 30% at the design stage;

– 40% – at the construction stage;

– By 5% – during the operation stage.

The main goal of design is fast and high-quality construction.

The leading suppliers of software platforms that implement BIM technologies are Dassault Systemes (USA), Bentley Systems (USA), Autodesk (USA), Nemetschek (Germany).

The cost of the Autodesk Revit software product for one workstation is 2,000 US dollars or 3,890 rubles.

The competencies of design engineers should increasingly shift towards knowledge of the construction production process and planning tools, just as the competencies of engineers in the production and technical departments of contracting organizations should be enriched with knowledge of basic design programs and the specifics of the work of designers. For successful implementation A project using information modeling technology requires universal, highly qualified specialists from the professions of architect and engineer in one person, when the author of the project has all the necessary skills and authority for its implementation.

Based on information modeling (BIM), it has become possible to use new organizational and management tools - the model is a source of reliable and verified data available for analysis and making effective decisions on the interaction of all participants in the process in accordance with the assigned task and the area of ​​responsibility of each project participant. The design organization must be ready for economic design with planning tasks and financial indicators linked to it, and be able to create a project on the basis of which the customer’s service for managing the construction of the facility can function.

It is necessary to train designers who create digital elements and receive an information model of the object in modeling; there is a need to train specialists from the production and technical department and foremen, because now a representative of the technical department is constantly on the construction site and is responsible for making design decisions in close cooperation with foremen and designers.

Active development of information modeling technologies in the construction industry will allow us to quickly select design options for objects and have advantages in foreign markets.

The introduction of advanced management systems in construction organizations for the integrated optimization of production and management processes during design, construction and installation work will increase labor productivity, reduce costs and increase the efficiency of production management.

Conclusion

The main problems of the industry are: increasing the efficiency of government management of the industry, control over objects of excess construction in progress, reducing the number of long-term construction projects, increasing the capacity utilization of construction organizations, their participation in large foreign projects, reducing costs, reducing the number of errors, reducing time spent as in the design of objects, and at the stage of their construction.

Proposals for improving the organizational and economic mechanism for the development of the construction industry include:

1) Changing the structure of the Ministry of Architecture and Construction of the Republic of Belarus by adding the following divisions to the existing structure: building construction department; civil engineering department; management of special construction work. As a result, a new management structure will be created, corresponding to the structure of the construction industry by type of economic activity;

2) Creation of a system of independent bodies to monitor construction projects with exceeding construction deadlines. The main department and departments for the regions and the city of Minsk for above-standard construction will include specialists in the field of construction: design engineers, designers, civil engineers, estimators;

3) Formation of vertically integrated holdings, creation on their basis of clusters consisting of organizations that complement each other and include: design, construction organizations, organizations that produce construction products, research institutes, insurance, investment companies;

4) Purchase and use by design organizations, large enterprises and holdings in their activities of software that allows creating a 3D model of a construction project, containing all the necessary information for planning and implementing the entire range of works on design, construction, logistics, operation throughout the entire life cycle object.

List of sources used

1. “On architectural, urban planning and construction activities in the Republic of Belarus.” Law of the Republic of Belarus No. 300-Z of July 5, 2004 [Electronic resource] / Nat. legal information center The Republic of Belarus. – Minsk, 2017. – Access mode: http://www.pravo.by. – Access date: 02/22/2017.
2. National classifier of the Republic of Belarus OKRB 005-2011 “Types of economic activity” [Electronic resource] / National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus. – Minsk, 2017. – Access mode: http://www.belstat.gov.by/. – Access date: 02/24/2017.
3. Investment Code of the Republic of Belarus / Adopted by the House of Representatives on May 30, 2001; approved Council of the Republic June 8, 2001; entered into force on October 9. 2001 – Minsk: IPA “Register”, 2001. – 56 p.
4. Buzyrev, V.V. Management in construction: textbook for universities / V.V. Buzyrev, I.V. Fedoseev. – M.: KNORUS, 2016. – 320 p.
5. Buzyrev, V.V. Economics of construction: textbook for universities / ed. V.V. Buzyreva. – 3rd ed. – St. Petersburg: Peter, 2009 – 416 p.
6. Golubova, O.S. Economics of construction: tutorial/ O.S. Golubova, L.K. Korban., S.V. Valitsky. – Minsk: TetraSystems, 2010. – 320 p.
7. Gorfinkel, V.Ya. Enterprise economics: textbook / V.Ya. Gorfinkel, 5th ed. – M.: UNITY-DANA, 2008. – 767 p.
8. State Committee on standardization of the Republic of Belarus [Electronic resource] / State construction supervision. – Minsk, 2017. – Access mode: http://www.gosstandart.gov.by/. – Access date: 02/28/2017.
9. State regulation of the economy: textbook / Antonova N.B. – Mn.: Academy of Management under the President of the Republic of Belarus, 2004. – 775 p.
10. Dikman, L.G. Organization of construction production: a textbook for universities. – M.: Publishing House of the Association of Construction Universities, 2006. – 608 p.
11. Kazansky, Yu.N. Experience in organizing and managing US construction companies / Yu.N. Kazansky. – M.: Stroyizdat, 2007.
12. National legal Internet portal of the Republic of Belarus [Electronic resource] / Nat. legal information center Rep. Belarus. – Minsk, 2017. – Access mode: http://www.pravo.by. – Access date: 06/12/2017.
13. National strategy for sustainable socio-economic development of the Republic of Belarus for the period until 2020. [Electronic resource] / United Nations in the Republic of Belarus. – Access mode: http://un.by/. – Access date: 04/08/2017.
14. News of Belarus [Electronic resource] / Belarusian Telegraph Agency. – Minsk, 2017. – Access mode: http://www.belta.by/. – Access date: 08/27/2017.
15. Economic news [Electronic resource] / scientific and practical magazine “Director”. – Minsk, 2017. – Access mode: http://director.by/. – Access date: 07/04/2017.
16. Official statistics “Construction and investments” [Electronic resource] / National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus. – Access mode: http://www.belstat.gov.by/. – Access date: 05/22/2017.
17. List of holdings of the Republic of Belarus [Electronic resource] / Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Belarus. – Access mode: http://www.economy.gov.by/ru/. – Access date: 09/02/2017.
18. Portal of news of the construction industry of the Republic of Belarus [Electronic resource] / Architecture and construction. – Minsk, 2017. – Access mode: http://arcp.by/ru. – Access date: 04/20/2017.
19. Promotion of Chinese construction services to the foreign market [Electronic resource] / JSC "Research Institute Stroyekonomika". – Access mode: http://www.stroyekonomika.by/. – Access date: 08/17/2017.
20. Savitskaya, G.V. Analysis of the economic activity of an enterprise: textbook / G.V. Savitskaya, 5th ed. reworked and additional M.: INFRA, 2009 – 536 p.
21. Stepanov, I.S. Economics of construction: textbook / I.S. Stepanov [and others]; under general editorship I.S. Stepanova. – 3rd ed. – M.: Yurayt, 2007. – 620 p.
22. Structure of the Ministry of Architecture and Construction [Electronic resource] / Ministry of Architecture and Construction of the Republic of Belarus. – Access mode: http://www.mas.gov.by/ru. – Access date: 02/28/2017.
23. Trushkevich, A.I. Organization of design and construction: textbook / A.I. Trushkevich. – Minsk: Higher School, 2010.
24. Shvedov, A.P. Organization and management in construction: educational method. complex / A.P. Shvedov, E.S. Balashova, I.P. Shvedov. – Novopolotsk: PSU, 2014. – 168 p.

Report on research practice on the topic “Economics and Management national economy” updated: November 14, 2017 by: Scientific Articles.Ru