The influence of information on a person. Fundamentals of medical knowledge: Health, illness and lifestyle (textbook for students of pedagogical universities). T.1 A person is constantly affected by three streams of information

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Fill in the missing words in the sentences:

Physical health - _______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

It is based on ________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Topic 2: MAIN SIGNS OF VIOLATION

CHILD HEALTH

Tasks

term	definition
	this is a latent, hidden period of the disease or the stage of the body’s functional readiness to develop a certain disease
Disease
	this is the overall health of people living in a given territory or the state as a whole
"Public Health Index"
Self-control
	a system of state, socio-economic, public, medical and sanitary measures aimed at increasing the level of health, ensuring the ability to work and active longevity of people
“Protection of childhood and motherhood”
"Health Index"

1. Fill in the table with the missing terms and definitions

2. Fill in the blanks, enter the factors that determine health and illness:

3. Select one correct answer from the proposed tests. Write your answers in the table:

No. 1. Between health and illness there is an intermediate state called...

a) the height of the disease,

b) pre-disease,

No. 2. A person is constantly affected by three streams of information:

a) motor, adaptive, indirect,

b) compensatory, natural, individual,

c) sensory, verbal, structural.

No. 3. What factors does 50% of a person’s health depend on:

a) environment,

b) heredity,

c) lifestyle and living conditions.

No. 4. By the end of the twentieth century, the average life expectancy of men in the Russian Federation decreased to ...

No. 5. According to the epidemiological service...

a) the incidence rate is higher in women than in men,

b) the incidence rate is higher in men than in women,

c) the same incidence rate in men and women.

No. 6. In accordance with the proposed scheme, children and adolescents, depending on their health status, are divided into...

a) 5 groups,

b) 4 groups,

c) 3 groups.

4. Write down the main indicators of public health in the table:

5. Fill in the missing words in the sentence:

Currently, more than ______ factors are identified , which have the most significant impact on modern man. Among them are ________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

Factors.

6. The most important factors in the development of diseases that cause mortality among the population are: physical inactivity, poor nutrition, psycho-emotional stress, bad habits, unfavorable environmental conditions, etc. List the diseases that develop as a result of these factors: ________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Topic 3: CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING AN INDIVIDUAL

HEALTH

Tasks:

1. Write down several meanings of the concept “norm”:

1. The norm is ___________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

2. A normal system is ________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

3. It’s normal for a person to be ___________________________________

______________________________________________________________

4. Point of view of V.M. Dilman _____________________________________

______________________________________________________________

5. Your point of view ______________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

2. Select one correct answer from the proposed tests. Write your answers in the table:

No. 1. The following tools are used to assess mental and social health:

a) audience

b) questionnaires, questionnaires,
c) tests with physical activity.

No. 2. Subjective indicators of health status include:

a) mood, sleep, appetite,

b) height, weight, chest circumference,

c) measurement of pulse, blood pressure, respiratory rate.

No. 3. The average sleep duration for an adult is:

a) 7-8 hours,

b) 8-9 hours,

c) 9-10 hours.

No. 4. The optimal load is the one at which the heart rate is _____ of the maximum permissible age group.

c) 90% and above.

No. 5. The heart rate of a healthy but untrained man is:

a) 7075 beats per minute,

b) 75-80 beats per minute,

c) 80-85 beats per minute.

No. 6. The heart rate of a healthy but untrained woman is:

a) 7075 beats per minute,

b) 75-80 beats per minute,

c) 80-85 beats per minute.

3. Indicators of human health include: body weight, circumference of the body and its parts, dynamometry of the hand, back strength, frequency and rhythm of pulse and breathing, activity, body temperature, skin color, presence of painful sensations, nature of sweating, stability of attention, metabolism , overexertion, coordination of movements, etc. Distribute the above indicators in the table:

4. Functional indicators of the cardiovascular system. Take individual heart rate measurements and do 20 squats. Evaluate the test by the percentage of increase in heart rate in relation to the initial value and by the duration of restoration of the heart rate to the original value.

1) resting pulse _____ beats per minute,

2) pulse after exercise _____ beats per minute,

3) pulse 1 minute after exercise _____ beats per minute,

4) the state of the cardiovascular system _____%.

Speaking about the nutrition of an athlete, we should say about human nutrition in general and in particular.

A person can protect himself from the influence of external factors, change the conditions of his personal life, work and even profession, but he cannot escape the need for daily food consumption. In an age of rampant improvement modern technologies, food industry was no exception. At the end of the last century, when food preparation moved from home to factory, this became especially noticeable. These processes have become increasingly subject to mechanization and deep processing. Responsibility for nutritional value and safety fell entirely on the manufacturer and is more aimed at the mass consumer; technical specifications (TU) have replaced GOSTs. Under harsh operating conditions natural resources There are noticeable changes in the ecological environment, which inevitably entails deterioration of fertile soils and climatic conditions for the cultivation of food products of natural origin. To this we can safely add the electromagnetic smog that is increasingly enveloping humans. However, these trends are growing. Man himself forces himself to follow the path of creating modified synthesized products, using various food additives and substitutes. Today there are a huge number of them known. The bulk of food additives are chemical compounds that are deliberately added to the food processing process. These are antihardeners and hardeners, dyes and preservatives, antioxidants and absorbents, emulsifiers and stabilizers, as well as various substances that accelerate the ripening process of the product, sugar substitutes and many others, including surfactants. As a result of the non-stop desire to improve the technological processes of processing and production of food products, the food industry is increasingly improving their purification processes, such as refining, distillation and others. Where it leads? Of course, to a deterioration in the quality of food. Thus, natural food products are displaced. Along with the narrowing of the range of natural food products, the “epidemic” of refining was growing, and flour became its first victim. As R.H. writes Hall, during the period of Roman civilization, mill technology reached a high level, even then, the Romans produced four types of flour. The purest, from which all bran was removed, was eaten by the richest people. But the Romans understood that white flour was low nutritional and emasculated product and they called him - castratus. However, working people and gladiator fighters ate rough wheat bread to maintain physical strength. In Rome, fine, cream-colored flour was produced in small quantities, obtained by grinding grain for a long time on a millstone along with bran. However, even before the fall of the Roman Empire, white flour was being consumed in increasing quantities, which is believed to have caused dental caries to become more common than among less civilized peoples of the time.

Modern technology sees only carbohydrates, protein and fat in grain. Most of the rest, the most valuable - vitamins, macro and microelements, etc. are artificially swept away. The bread became temptingly white and appetizing, but less useful product. Thus, out of seven main products such as rye bread, wheat bread, meat, butter, milk, sugar and potatoes, which together make up 72-83% of the total calorie intake, three products - sugar, butter and wheat bread are refined. To this you can add pasta made from fine flour, as well as pasteurized milk with various preservatives. Today, in addition to the well-known role of amino acids and vitamins A, B and C, a huge number of essential factors included in the natural complex intended for human nutrition are already known, but people do not follow the path of preserving them, but continue to follow the path of replacing them with synthesized products. production. Therefore, one can imagine that the list of substances that are not received and that are important for the body is many times larger than we know, and it will inevitably grow. This is due to the fact that during refining and other types of purification, hundreds and even thousands of biologically useful and necessary for humans active substances are destroyed or go to waste. This leads to the depletion of the product, that is, a decrease in its nutritional and biological value and, ultimately, by definition, Professor I.I. Brekhman, to the loss of structural information necessary for a person. The lack of the most important information for the human body inevitably leads to a disruption of the acid-base balance and possible disruption of the functions of various systems and organs of the human body.

The current level of technology suggests that modifiers and synthesized products can simulate the necessary set of such information, but what is the impact of essentially artificial products on the human body? Will this not cause the degeneration of man as an individual and will not entail changes in man, his natural qualities of an intellectual, emotional and neuropsychic order? What are the prospects for evolutionary processes on the human path in the context of changes in the structural information of nutrition? You can build various hypotheses and assumptions, but the worst prognosis cannot be ruled out, since nothing can completely replace natural complex necessary for human body nutrition elements included in the structure of natural products. Violation of structural information can lead to distortion of the results of its reading and cause other, undesirable changes not only in the evolutionary development of a person, but also in the physical, which will become obvious. For example, today practice shows that the level of physical development of children and adolescents, the indicator of the condition and functionality of their cardiovascular system is extremely low. Modern children are significantly inferior in these indicators to their peers from the 70-80s of the last century. We can safely assume that this result is also a consequence of the damage caused to food products by refining and replacing many natural elements in them with artificial ones, which, unfortunately, we and the younger generation actively consume. The second reason for such a deplorable state of health of today's children and adolescents, as well as today's youth, is the extremely ineffective work on physical education in the system of preschool care and education, especially in secondary schools.

Modern science, driven by technical progress and technology, is trying to compensate for this deficiency with vitamin supplements or synthetic compounds, but this cannot in any way reproduce the entire complex of biologically active substances that nature creates. Famous Far Eastern scientist, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor I.I. Brekhman in his work “Valeology - the science of health” wrote: “We must understand that the substances of food products constitute the main part of the flow of structural information, which determines the most intimate communication of a person with the external environment, which, as it were, passes through the body, creating its internal ecology. The food flow, as complex as the world, consists of the same elements as the planet; it contains hundreds of thousands or even millions of natural substances.” Next, Brekhman cites the words of the great V.A. Engelhardt, who says that “...the basis of life is a combination of three flows: the flow of matter, the flow of energy and the flow of information. They are qualitatively deeply different, but merge into some unity higher order, which could be described as a “biotic trinity” that constitutes the dynamic basis of life.” The science of the processes and laws of transmission, distribution, processing and transformation of information is called informationology. It considers “information” and “properties”. By connecting with consumers, information “from a thing in itself” becomes “a thing for us.” People's need for information (information need) is one of the most ancient.

A person is constantly influenced by three streams of information: sensory, verbal and the main one we are considering is structural. It includes components of food and inhaled air entering through the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory system. All of them are connected at a certain chemical level, where various environmental factors acting on the organs of perception cause biological changes in the body. Environmental factors may include stress or irritants in the form of a change in habitual biorhythms, which must be taken into account when preparing athletes as well as the adaptive properties of the body, including the restructuring conditions of chronoadaptation and acclimatization. It is generally accepted that stress is a general nonspecific reaction of the body. A certain level of stress, as G. Salye believed, is necessary to ensure a normal reaction of the body - this is the so-called Eustress. Quite often the level of stressors is higher than optimal, which leads to significant, various types of disorders - distress. This can be caused by a sharp change in the quantitative and qualitative information characteristics of food products, excessive physical impact as a result of sports training, noticeable regulation of an athlete’s body weight during a reduction, as well as biological changes in the body for various reasons, including those related to adaptation. To overcome such situations, a conscious mobilization of available resources is necessary. And here it would not be amiss to cite the words of the same G. Salye: “Strive for the highest goal available to you and do not enter into a fight over trifles.”

Continuing the conversation about information flows, it should be noted that the volume of each of the three flows can be optimal, excessive or insufficient. Information can be necessary (useful) or harmful (indifferent). It should be borne in mind that the body has a limited capacity for perceiving information and limited reserves to protect it from adverse consequences, such as sudden changes in the quantity and quality of information. At the same time, the complexity and value of the information introduced into the body is important for the nutritional processes of humans and athletes in particular, including pharmacological action.

According to I.I. Brekhman, for nutrition and therapeutic and prophylactic purposes, the qualitative composition of food and its structure are important, which is not reflected by either mass or calorie content. Mass, volume and calorie content are extensive indicators; structural information is an intensive indicator. Energy and structural information are equivalent and equally necessary for the human body. In accordance with N. Bohr's principle of complementarity, these two opposites are not contradictory, but complementary. This is the philosophical unity of the opposites of the energetic-structural dualism of the body’s connections with the environment, which are the most important factor determining the health of a person as such and an athlete in particular.

When talking about the need for proper nutrition in sports practice, science uses the definition “structural information” and this is not accidental. It is supplied to the body, read from the offered set of food products and, being distributed, becomes a necessary “thing for us”.

In his early works of economic and philosophical manuscripts, K. Marx wrote: “Man lives by nature. This means that nature is his body... that nature is inextricably linked with itself, for man is a part of nature.”

Unbridled technological progress takes us further and further away from natural contacts with nature. By disrupting the ecology of the planet and penetrating more and more into its pristine regulatory mechanisms, we thereby not only disrupt the biological cycle of the nature of the earth, plants, air and water, we also manage to replace their properties. We no longer notice that we have entered the era of our own exploitation of depleted and “poor” soils. We can no longer avoid their powerful “feeding” chemical compounds to get the desired harvest. We do not notice that the food products obtained from such soils do not correspond to the natural set of structural information necessary for the human body. What do we consume today, and what will we consume in the near future? main question of humanity in the not-too-distant future? Sports practice and especially elite sports will feel this immediately.

Unfortunately, the trend of increasing loss of natural nature has also affected Russia. Having placed the emphasis on raw materials at the head of its economy and fueling the industry of other countries, it blindly and continuously destroys nature, without caring about the future.

• DISEASE
• AGE GROUPS
• HEALTH CONCEPT
• HEALTH PROBLEMS
• HEALTH
• HEALTHY LIFESTYLE

This article examines the definition of health. Its levels, concept and components. The issue of health problems of various age groups and improving the health of each individual is revealed.

• A healthy lifestyle of a young family as one of the factors of its well-being
• Assessment of the level of health, functional state and adaptive potential of students of a physical education university

Health is the main step on the path to human happiness. However, many people do not have time to think about a healthy lifestyle. We are constantly in a hurry somewhere, nervous, snacking, not taking care of ourselves at all, and at the same time acquiring more and more new reasons for concern.

"The only beauty I know is health." G. Heine

Comes from adj. healthy, from Praslav. *sъdorvъ, from cat. among other things happened: other Russian. Sadorov, Old Slav. съдrav (ancient Greek ὑγιής), Russian. healthy, Ukrainian health, bul. Hello, Serbohorv. Hello, hello, Slovenian. zdràv, zdráva, Czech, Slovak. zdravý, Polish zdrowy. In Praslav. *sъdorvъ sъ = other Indian. su “good” and *dorvo-, connected by alternating with wood, i.e. “from good wood.”

The word “health” belongs to those few concepts whose meaning everyone knows, but understands differently.

Health is one of the main conditions for optimizing human existence and one of the main conditions for human happiness. Lifelong postulate: for each of us, health is the main value of life.

There are a huge number of definitions for the word health. In the Great Medical Encyclopedia (BME), health is interpreted as “the state of the human body when the functions of all its organs and systems are balanced with the external environment and there are no painful changes.” The definition of health given by the World Health Organization (WHO) has received wide international recognition: “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”

Since the founding of WHO, this concept has not been revised and is now criticized in almost all works devoted to the concept of health. This definition is criticized:

1. for the ideality of a goal that can never be achieved;
2. for the fact that the vague concept of “health” is defined through the subjective concept of “well-being”; in addition, social well-being can have a significant impact on health indicators, but is not a sign of it;
3. for staticity - health should be considered not in statics, but in the dynamics of changes in the external environment and in ontogenesis;
4. for the fact that complete well-being leads to a decrease in stress in the body and its systems, to a decrease in resistance and, rather, is a prerequisite for ill health than the essence of health.

Man is a reflection of two hypostases - biological and social. They are in unity and contradiction. Currently, it is customary to distinguish several components (types) in the concept of “health”:

The first level - biological health is associated with the body and depends on the dynamic balance of the functions of all internal organs, their adequate response to the influence environment. Health at the biological level has two components:

• somatic health - the current state of organs and systems of the human body, the basis of which is the biological program of individual development;
• physical health - the level of growth and development of organs and systems of the body.

The second level - mental health is associated with the individual and depends on the development of the emotional-volitional and motivational-need spheres of the individual, on the development of the individual’s self-awareness and on the awareness of the value for the individual of one’s own health and a healthy lifestyle. Mental health is a state of general mental comfort that provides an adequate behavioral response. The components of mental health include moral health - a complex of emotional-volitional and motivational-need properties of an individual, a system of values, attitudes and motives for an individual’s behavior in society.

The third level - social health is associated with the influence on the personality of other people, society as a whole and depends on the place and role of a person in interpersonal relationships, from the moral health of society.

The above levels manifest themselves in different ways: depending on the age of the person, on a certain stage of life.

For example, the first level appears from birth; the second level manifests itself in adolescents, and the third level in adults.

Undoubtedly, the health of a country's citizens determines the well-being of society and is an indicator. But recently, according to demographic estimates, our country has seen trends towards worsening health levels. Moreover, this tendency is characteristic of almost all stages and periods of individual development. Of course, special attention is paid to the health of the younger generation: schoolchildren, students, that is, the future of our country. As numerous studies have shown, the state of human health most of all depends on the person himself. Ignorance of the rules of safe behavior, non-compliance with a healthy lifestyle, and a careless attitude towards one’s health are the reasons for the high level of injuries, the emergence of various diseases, and the deterioration of the health of young people.

Several years ago, the World Health Organization attempted to rank all factors in order of their importance to health. As a result, more than 200 factors were identified that have the most significant impact on modern man. Among them are physical, chemical, biological, social, psychological, and genetic factors. However, the greatest significance in the development of the most common diseases, which are the main cause of death of the population, are: physical inactivity (lack of movement), unhealthy diet (primarily overeating), psycho-emotional stress and bad habits (alcohol abuse, smoking, drug use and others). chemical substances) .

Undoubtedly, a person causes great harm to himself by consuming alcoholic beverages, tobacco products, and narcotic drugs. Recently, this problem has become “younger” and people have been acquiring illnesses since childhood. It is necessary to promote a healthy lifestyle to schoolchildren. Or maybe a student needs help and can’t cope on his own? Suffice it to recall the lines from the poem by V.V. Mayakovsky "I'm happy!", where main character strives to tell the great joy: he finally quit smoking.

The unfavorable environmental situation in many countries is also the cause of many modern diseases. If the first three factors depend directly on the person himself, on his worldview, culture and behavior, then the decision environmental problems depends on the joint efforts of many countries. Intensification of learning should also be recognized as an important factor in students’ poor health. Today at educational process Computerization is being actively introduced, creating additional stress on the vision and psyche of students.

A person is constantly and simultaneously affected by three streams of information: sensory, perceived by the senses through the first signaling system, verbal (spoken or written word), perceived through the second signaling system, and structural (components of food and air), arriving through the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory system. Information can be necessary, indifferent and harmful.

The main components of this system are:

1. optimal level of physical activity, ensuring the body’s daily need for movement;
2. hardening, which helps increase the body's resistance to adverse environmental influences and diseases;
3. rational nutrition: complete, balanced with a set of vital substances (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and microelements);
4. compliance with the work and rest regime;
5. personal hygiene;
6. environmentally conscious behavior;
7. mental, emotional stability;
8. sex education, prevention of sexually transmitted diseases;
9. giving up bad habits: smoking, drinking alcohol and drugs;
10. safe behavior at home and on the street, allowing you to avoid injuries and other damage.

How can a modern person protect his health? We can achieve a solution to the problem in two ways. The first way is to solve environmental issues that require collective efforts.

The second way is to take care of your personal health. Good health requires consistent adherence to time-tested principles. They apply to all age groups of people, no matter where you live or what you do.

1. Regular exercise.
2. Positive attitude towards life.
3. Moderation in habits.
4. Balanced diet.
5. Cleanliness and hygiene.
6. Allocating yourself the necessary time for rest and relaxation.
7. Regular periodic medical examinations.
8. Availability of a qualified personal physician or family doctor.
9. Help others.
10. Creating reliable and constructive relationships.

Modern society is interested in improving the level of both individual health and collective health.

Valeology is becoming more important - the study of health, opposed to the medicine of diseases, but, in fact, based on the principles of preventive medicine. The main task of valeology is to increase the health potential of the population by preventing morbidity. That is why in schools and higher education educational institutions the course “Fundamentals of Life Safety”, “Fundamentals of Medical Knowledge and Healthy Lifestyle”, “Life Safety” has been introduced.

Only a healthy person has a feeling of fullness of life.

A healthy lifestyle is a lifestyle that fosters a harmoniously developed personality, helping to endure life’s adversities, mental and physical stress, including natural, social and personal.

Bibliography

1. Max Vasmer - Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language, edited and with a foreword by Prof. B.A. Larina. Second edition, stereotypical in four volumes. Moscow "Progress" 1986.
2. First aid. - M.: Bolshaya Rossiyskaya, Encyclopedia. 1994
3. Artyunina G.P., Ignatkova S.A. - Fundamentals of medical knowledge: Health, illness and lifestyle: A textbook for high school. - 4th ed., revised. - M.: Academic Project; Gaudeamus, 2008.
4. Kalyuzhny E.A., Kuzmichev Yu.G., Mikhailova S.V., Zhulin N.V. Aspects of morphofunctional adaptation of students correctional school// World of science, culture, education. 2012. No. 2. P.514-216.
5. Kalyuzhny E.A., Kuzmichev Yu.G., Mikhailova S.V., Boltacheva E.A., Zhulin N.V. Features of the physical development of rural schoolchildren in the Arzamas region // Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University. Series: Natural Sciences. 2012. No. 3. P.15-19.
6. Dynamics and characteristics of biological maturation of rural schoolchildren in the Nizhny Novgorod region / E.A. Kalyuzhny, Yu.G. Kuzmichev, S.V. Mikhailova, E.A. Boltacheva, N.V. Zhulin // Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University. Series: Natural Sciences. 2012. No. 4. P.37-42.
7. Informativeness of anthropometric screenings based on the results of assessing the physical development of schoolchildren in the city of Arzamas and the Arzamas region / E.A. Kalyuzhny, Yu.G. Kuzmichev, V.N. Krylov, E.A. Boltacheva, S.V. Mikhailova, N.V. Zhulin / New research. 2012. No. 2 (31). P.100-106.
8. Characteristics of functional reserves of rural schoolchildren / E.A. Kalyuzhny, Yu.G. Kuzmichev, V.N. Krylov, S.V. Mikhailova, E.A. Boltacheva, N.V. Zhulin // New research. 2012. No. 4 (33). P.99-106.
9. Normative indicators of cardiointervalography of rural schoolchildren / E.A. Kalyuzhny, S.V. Mikhailova, Yu.G. Kuzmichev, V.N. Krylov, E.A. Boltacheva, N.V. Zhulin // Scientific opinion. 2012. No. 12. P.161-165.
10. Comparative trends in the morphofunctional development of rural and urban schoolchildren of the Nizhny Novgorod region in modern conditions / E.A. Kalyuzhny, S.V. Mikhailova, Yu.G. Kuzmichev, V.N. Krylov // Bulletin of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University. 2013. No. 7. pp. 34-43.

Over the past decades, due to the rapid computerization of all spheres of production and spiritual and cultural activity, interest in the nature and essence of information has sharply increased.

A person was faced with a powerful drug for which there were no limits. Information carries both creative and destructive power, but to a much stronger extent than was previously the case. Time has changed not so much the essence of information as the intensity of its impact; the contexts of its application have changed.

Facilities mass communication– a powerful force of influence on people’s consciousness, a means of quickly delivering information to different parts of the world, the most effective means of influencing human emotions, capable of convincing the recipient in the best possible way. This is especially clear in relation to electronic media. As technical capabilities expand, their role increases. And in terms of their emotional impact on people’s feelings and consciousness, they remain unsurpassed and gather the largest audience.

Suggestion and submission occurs not through reason, but through feelings. Suggestion is directly associated with the manipulation of consciousness, since it represents an intrusion into the consciousness of an extraneous idea without the direct and immediate participation of the subject’s “I” in this act. The main components of the phenomenon of manipulation are the purposeful transformation of information in communication, concealment of mental influence, the use of numerous means of pressure, the selection of targets of influence and the use of automatic patterns of human behavior. It is quite obvious that the transfer of information in the process of communication is undoubtedly one of the most important components of interaction. Nowadays, manipulators have learned to transform transmitted information beyond recognition; in other cases, it is not at all possible to determine its accuracy.

Acting through the media, manipulators place their main emphasis on involuntary memorization. Therefore, it is much more important for them to create a stream of chaotic messages than to present one coherent idea that a person will think about and deliberately remember.

The existence of positive and negative information, which, one way or another, a person encounters throughout his life, has a different impact on the mental state of each individual individual. And due to the fact that society has not yet learned to filter the negative elements of what is perceived, ailments, physical fatigue, depression and stress arise. This is one of the main causes of information diseases. These diseases envelop the brain and have a destructive effect on the subconscious and psyche of a person. Therefore, the word carries not only important meaning, but also enormous responsibility for the creation of a healthy nation. But every person has his own cultural and educational level, with the help of which he selects and thereby filters the information product. American psychotherapists have found out through research that an information virus penetrates a person’s DNA, where it changes the hereditary program, which is why it is so dangerous.

The lifestyle and thinking of a modern person are formed against the background of a dynamically developing process of technologization of politics, economics, and production. Rapid obsolescence professional knowledge makes the process of education of a specialist of the third millennium constant and continuous. It is at this stage of the formation of the intellectual, moral, social experience of the individual that there is a real opportunity to master the basics of working with information - information culture.

There are many causes of ill health (third state) and diseases. A person is constantly and simultaneously affected by three streams of information: sensory, perceived by the senses through the first signaling system, verbal (spoken or written word), perceived through the second signaling system, and structural (components of food and air), arriving through the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory system. Information can be necessary, indifferent and harmful. The body, taking into account adaptation, has a certain capacity for perceiving information.

In recent decades, the volume of physical activity of people of all ages has sharply decreased. The share of physical labor in production decreased from 90% to 10%. A small proportion of people engage in physical education and sports, especially regularly and throughout their lives. The senses were hit with noise, vibrations and various types of radiation previously unknown in strength and diversity, not only at work, but also at home and in places of rest. At the same time, man has deprived himself of many sensations of direct communication with nature. There are a lot of conveniences that detrain the body. The flow of verbal information has increased many times over, which in itself is not indifferent to the body. Unlike our more distant ancestors, the food of modern humans is much less varied in the range of natural products. The flow of structural information (including chemical contamination of the inhaled air) has undergone the greatest changes. As a result of changes in the triune flow of information, characterized by a deficiency of necessary (useful) and the impact of harmful information on the body, chronic stress occurs, a decrease in the general nonspecific resistance of the body, and the development of the so-called third state (an intermediate state between health and disease).

Thus, diseases arise as a result of exposure to certain factors of the external or internal environment that exceed the adaptive-compensatory capabilities of the body, and are also transmitted from a sick person, a carrier of the bacilli, or a sick animal to a healthy one.

Several years ago, the World Health Organization attempted to rank all factors in order of their importance to health. As a result, it was allocated more than 200 factors, which have the most significant influence on modern man. Among them are physical, chemical, biological, social, psychological, and genetic factors. However, the greatest significance in the development of the most common diseases, which are the main cause of death of the population, are: physical inactivity (lack of movement), unhealthy diet (primarily overeating), psycho-emotional stress and bad habits (alcohol abuse, smoking, use of drugs and other chemicals). The unfavorable environmental situation in many countries is also the cause of many modern diseases. If the first three factors depend directly on the person himself, on his worldview, culture and behavior, then the solution to environmental problems depends on the joint efforts of many countries.

In 1994, the Interdepartmental Commission for the Protection of Population Health of the Security Council of the Russian Federation determined this ratio in relation to our country as follows (Table 1).

Table 1

Factors affecting health(WHO data in brackets)

Sphere of influence of factors	Health Promoting Factors	Factors that worsen health
Genetic - 15-20% (20%)	Healthy heredity. Absence of morpho-functional prerequisites for the occurrence of the disease	Hereditary diseases and disorders. Hereditary predisposition to diseases.
Environmental condition - 20-25% (20%)	Good living and working conditions, favorable climatic and natural conditions, environmentally friendly habitat	Harmful living and production conditions, unfavorable climatic conditions, violation of the environmental situation
Medical support - 10-15% (8%)	Medical screening, high level preventive measures, timely and comprehensive medical care	Lack of constant medical monitoring of health dynamics, low level of primary prevention, poor quality medical care
Conditions and lifestyle - 50-55% (52%)	Rational organization of life: sedentary lifestyle, adequate physical activity	Lack of a rational mode of life, migration processes, hypo- or hyperdynamia

Of course, for different groups of diseases this ratio of factors is different (Table 2). For example, in the occurrence of sexually transmitted diseases, a person’s lifestyle is of exceptional importance.

table 2

Factors determining health(Yu.P. Lisitsyn, 1992)

Currently, a distinction is made between population health (public health) and individual health (individual health).

Public health

Public health is the overall health of people living in a given territory or the state as a whole. Public health is a characteristic of one of the most important properties, qualities of society as a social organism; component factor of internal gross product(GDP), function and derivative of society (Yu.P. Lisitsin, 1992). Public health characterizes the vitality of a society.

In international practice, the following are traditionally used to describe public health:

1) a set of demographic indicators: fertility, mortality (general, child, perinatal, infant, age-specific), average life expectancy;

2) morbidity indicators (general, for individual age groups, for infectious, chronic nonspecific diseases, certain types of diseases, morbidity with temporary disability, etc.);

3) indicators of disability (general, child, age-specific, by reason);

4) level of physical development.

However, these indicators mainly reflect ill health, and health is characterized by the opposite. When developing the “health for all in the 21st century” strategy, WHO experts chose several other public health indicators:

- % of GDP going to healthcare;

Availability of primary health care;

Providing the population with a safe water supply;

- % of persons immunized against infectious diseases;

Nutritional status of children, particularly % of children born with low birth weight (< 2,5 кг);

Infant mortality rate and life expectancy;

Adult literacy rate;

Share of GDP per capita.

Since public health is adjacent to the concepts of wealth, the potential of society Yu.P. Lisitsyn (1992) suggests using “public health index” - the ratio of healthy and unhealthy lifestyle factors.

Key public health indicators:

1. Fertility rate=

= Number of live births per year x 1,000

The birth rate in Russia is 7-9 per 1000 population, and the death rate is 14.2.

2. Mortality rate=

= Number of deaths per year x 100,000

Average annual population

Mortality rates from all causes among men (per 100,000 population): in Russia - 1640, in the USA - 1089, in Canada 983, in Japan - 809.

Mortality rates from all causes among women (per 100,000 population): in Russia - 870, in the USA - 642, in Canada - 567, in Japan - 471.

Deaths due to cardiovascular diseases in Russia account for 54%, from neoplasms - 17%, from accidents - 16%, from respiratory diseases - 5%.

3. Natural increase rate =

= Absolute natural increase x 1,000

Average annual population

or the difference between birth and death rates.

One of the most important indicators of population health is the infant mortality rate. In 1997 in Russia it reached 19.86 per 1000 births (in the USA - 8.4, in Japan - 5.3).

4. Infant mortality rate =

= Number of children who died in the 1st month per year x 1,000.

5. Perinatal mortality rate=

= (Number of stillbirths + number of children who died in the 1st week per year) x 1,000

Number of children born alive and stillborn in the reporting year

In the structure of causes of death, accidents, poisonings, and injuries rank first (46.7% among children aged 1 to 4 years, 76% among adolescents aged 15 to 19 years).

6. Infant mortality rate=

= Number of children who died in the 1st year per year x 1,000

Number of children born alive in the reporting year

The infant mortality rate in Russia is 17.8, in the USA - 9, in Canada - 7, in Japan - 4.

7. Morbidity rate=

= Number of newly identified patients per year x 1,000 =

Average annual population

8. Pain index =

= Number of patients with this disease registered per year x 1,000

Average annual population

Average life expectancy indicator calculated using specially compiled tables based on mortality data by age group. The resulting value “expresses the average number of years that, under given mortality conditions, a person coming from the population under study and being at the age of “x” years can live.” The most commonly used value is the average life expectancy of a newborn, or a person aged 0 years.

For thousands of years, the average human life expectancy has fluctuated within narrow limits from 18 to 30 years. By the beginning of the 17th century, as a result of a gradual but steady improvement in living conditions, average life expectancy in a number of European countries began to exceed the 30-year level. On turn of the 19th century and XX centuries large scientific achievements in biology and medicine, the rise of general culture and healthcare, large-scale sanitary and hygienic measures in industrialized European countries contributed to a significant reduction in the mortality of children, as well as the population of middle and older age groups.

After the Second World War, these changes also occurred in developing countries. Currently, the average life expectancy in the UK and the USA reaches 76 years, in France - 77 years, in Canada - 78 years, in Japan - 80 years. Until 1970, the Soviet Union was distinguished by the highest increase in the average life expectancy of newborns. However, by the end of the 20th century, the average life expectancy of men in the Russian Federation dropped again to 58 years. Currently, the difference between the average life expectancy of men and women in Russia reaches 10 years or more. The reasons for this difference lie, first of all, in social factors: the nature of work (more responsible, intense and difficult for men), the greater prevalence of alcoholism, smoking and injuries among men. There are also purely biological factors that are no less important in explaining this phenomenon. It is well known that more boys are born in a population than girls. But boys die most often in childhood, and later the number of men becomes smaller in all age categories. In extreme old age, among centenarians, the ratio between the number of men and women is 1:3.

Epidemiological evidence strongly suggests that the incidence is higher in men than in women. Men die from myocardial infarction 7.5 times more often at the age of 40 to 49 years; 5.5 times - at the age of 50 to 55 years and 2.5 times - at the age of over 60 years. The unequal life expectancy of men and women is also explained by genetic differences in the chromosomal apparatus of the cell nucleus, the presence of a double set of X chromosomes in women, which determines the higher reliability of important mechanisms of biological regulation of the cell. It should be noted that the biological potential of human health implies a life expectancy that is much longer than it currently has.

Public health of the Russian population at the end of the 20th century and in beginning of XXI century is in a state of crisis. The main manifestation of the health crisis in Russia is a decrease in life expectancy, depopulation due to a fall in the birth rate and an increase in mortality. The essence of depopulation is to increase the number of deaths among people 30-50 years of age due to injuries and poisoning. Of enormous importance are infant mortality, difficulties in childbirth, abandonment of a second child and the consequences of abortion, especially before the birth of the first child.