Who is closer to the Kazakhs Uzbeks or Turkmens. "State of Texas, Chimkent" - is that a special sub-ethnos? And why are they not loved? Why Kazakhs are so different

The south of Kazakhstan, which did not speak Russian even during the Soviet Union, is unlikely to speak it now. This is a “big problem” for Russian-speaking Kazakhs and non-Kazakhs. On one of the streets of Almaty, a car with license plates starting with the letter “X” flashed past me. Her driver did not violate any rules, he just drove along his own road. Seeing the car and its license plates, one woman, apparently a Russian-speaking Kazakh, said in a sharp tone, as if she had been bitten by a snake: “Wherever you look, there are already “chimkentsie” everywhere, just like locusts, they flooded everything here. We must trample them like karakurts! And this is just one of many examples of the rejection of "Chimkent". This made me think a lot. In fact, the hostile attitude of the inhabitants of other regions towards the southerners has already become an axiom that does not require proof. We often hear such advice as “Do not marry girls from Shymkent”, “Do not marry Shymkent”. And why are the people of Shymkent not pleasing to the rest? Why are they disliked? There are several explanations for this. The first, of course, is the language. Language is not only a communication tool, but also a system of thought. Needless to say, languages ​​influence worldview formation to some extent. There is such a paradox that if residents of other regions of the country are often proud of their good command of the Russian language and feel deprived if they do not speak it well enough, then for southern Kazakhs, not knowing Russian, just like a foreign language, is not at all a sin. They don't care about Russian, Swahili or Hebrew. In those regions where the influence of the Russian language and Russian culture prevails, such a situation seems “wildness”. Apparently, for this reason, Kazakh Russians raise a fuss, complaining that “in Shymkent, documents are filled out and certificates are issued in the Kazakh language, infringing on Russian-speaking citizens.” However, the south of Kazakhstan, which did not speak Russian even during the Soviet Union, is unlikely to speak it now. This is a “big problem” for Russian-speaking Kazakhs and non-Kazakhs. The second is the political and historical side. “Chimkent” people who do not know or have a poor command of the “World Language” are ardent supporters of the “creation of an ethnocratic state. That is, "Chimkent" is driven by nationalism. Kanat Nurov beautifully conveys this in his writings entitled “Kazakhstan: National Idea and Traditions”: “Kazakhs as a nationality, again due to their “Cossacks”, by definition, are unlikely to become “supporters of an ethnocratic state.” The fact that the so-called "southerners", that is, the Kazakhs near the Syr Darya, who have long fallen under the despotic influence of the Central Asian khanates and orthodox Islam, began, with the quite definite assistance of the post-nomenklatura government, to show significant nationalist activity, setting an example for the rest, is a regrettable fact of the present moment, but not is a characteristic feature of the Kazakh people.” According to the scientist Kanat Nurov, the Kazakhs from “Kokand-Tashkent” or “Prisyrdarya” are different from ordinary Kazakhs, they are a different sub-ethnos. They are characterized by a Central Asian, despotic character. “Undoubtedly, the modern “activity” of the “southerners” is a symptomatic political phenomenon and should be “neutralized” by the corresponding activity,” Kanat Nurov writes and calls to fight against the “southerners.” Indeed, the Shymkent region borders on the territory of Uzbekistan, we do not exclude influence of Uzbek culture. For example, among the Kazakhs of Almaty, Zhambyl regions, signs of the influence of the culture of the Kyrgyz and Dungan are noticeable, and among the Kazakhs inhabiting the northern regions, we often observe the influence of Russian culture. However, no one sees any problem in this. This is quite natural and natural. So, the whole reason may be that Shymkent residents are more active "nationalists". By the way, those who have been to Shymkent have probably seen - there, whether they are Uzbeks, Azerbaijanis, Russians or Koreans - everyone speaks Kazakh quite well. A native of such an environment, that is, the same "Chimkent" when he arrives in Almaty, Astana or Pavlodar, asks a reasonable question in his opinion: "Why don't they speak Kazakh here?" Obviously, this question, like a sharp awl, stings an Almaty or Pavlodar citizen who is used to being “proud” of his Russian speech and considers himself “a person who quenches his thirst at the source of advanced culture.” According to Kanat Nurov, Russian scientists noticed back in the 19th century that the southern Kazakhs are a different subethnic group. For example, Levshin wrote that "this sub-ethnos is a separate group among the Kazakh people, they paid taxes and reported to the rulers of Tashkent, in comparison with the fearless Kazakhs of the west and east, they behave more secretively, cunningly and extremely cautiously." One can argue with this opinion, which Russian or Russian-speaking Kazakhs adhere to. However, how can one understand that at the mention of the word “Shymkent”, even the Kazakhs who speak the Kazakh language and think in Kazakh make their hair stand on end? Firstly, if you look at the map, which shows the main directions of internal migration in recent years, then the resettlement of people within the country looks like this: residents of Taraz and Kyzylorda move to Shymkent, and people from the South Kazakhstan region, like a human flow, then spread to the whole of Kazakhstan . For the local Kazakhs, the Shymkent people are the "come in large numbers." Secondly, the inhabitants of the south are adherents of traditions. The traditions and customs of the Kazakhs are strictly observed, while in other regions the foundations and ways of national etiquette are considered unnecessary “remnants of the past”. The southerners on this account answer as follows: “if the Kazakhs bow a woman in front of an adult aksakal is a sign of “backwardness”, then why is mutual bowing between men in developed Japan considered national etiquette?” Thirdly, there is a difference in the mentality of the inhabitants of the south. Therefore, there are also people who do not consider Shymkent residents to be Kazakhs. From the inhabitants of the northern regions I heard the following expression: “We have only two Kazakhs at work, all the rest are entirely Shymkent”. When Shymkent people are characterized, ordinary people give something like this: “cunning, cunning, deceivers, unreliable in friendship, put personal gain in the forefront, turn their affairs too cleverly, greedy.” There are those who look at Shymkent people as distributors of fraternity. and corruption. But in fact, it is clear that all this is nothing more than ordinary stereotypes. Due to all of the above reasons, violations by drivers on the streets of Almaty in cars with region numbers “H”, “B”, “A”, “Z” are ignored, but the letter "X" immediately cuts everyone's eyes. We laugh while listening to the jokes of the Shymkent satire theaters Shanshar, Shymkent-show, Bauyrzhan-show, but at the same time we look at the people of Shymkent with irony and condescension. At toys and weddings, we dance with pleasure to the cheerful songs of talented singers from Shymkent, but when the opportunity arises, we try to belittle the “southerners”. What is it with us? Two-facedness, or stupidity?! A well-known Russian-speaking journalist once confessed to me in a private conversation: “I must admit, if there were no Shymkent, now there could be no Kazakh culture, no Kazakh language, and even the Kazakh state.” Well, of course, he is clearly overdoing it. But who knows, maybe there is some truth in his words? What did we want, raising this delicate topic? We are not going to throw mud at or defend the “Chimkent people”, we want to bring this discord, which, unfortunately, exists in our society, to a general discussion. To respond in advance to some possible challenges that threaten the unity of our nation. In today's changing world, there are many examples when countries have already split into their West and East, their South and North, or face the threat of such a division. Therefore, it will not be harmful at all if we try to cure our diseases in the early stages, in a quiet and peaceful time. What do you say, dear readers? Berik MYNZHASAR, website serke.org07.05.14 Translated by Aydin OLZHAEVA Full address of the article: http://serke.org/news/“shymkentskiiler”-subetnos-pa-nege-olardy-zhek-kөredі

33093 30-11-2018, 10:47

Why are Tajiks and Uzbeks intensively learning the language of Pushkin, and how should Kazakhs relate to this?

ENG ENG KZ

The number of Russian classes in Uzbekistan's schools is growing, and the republic's Minister of Public Education states "a serious increase in real demand for schools with Russian as the language of instruction." In Tajikistan, the situation is even more indicative - not only are “Russian schools” built there and Tajik textbooks are translated into Russian, but highly qualified native speakers are also invited from Russia to work in secondary schools, lyceums and gymnasiums in the cities of Dushanbe, Khujand, Kulyab, Gissar and Dangara . What is the reason for the revival of interest in the Russian language in these countries? What do they hope to get as a result? Will they gain or lose from the appearance of a decent layer of the population there, speaking a "foreign" language? Do we need to analyze this trend in Kazakhstan, and what should be the attitude towards the study of the Russian language in our country? Word to the experts.

Tolganai Umbetalieva, Director General of the Central AsianFoundation for the Development of Democracy, PhD in Political Science:

“This is a purely economic decision, which may have political consequences in the future”

- I don't know how large-scale the processes you are talking about really are, because the media often exaggerate the significance and scope of certain events and trends many times over. But in any case, I can assume that the interest in learning the Russian language in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan is associated with a large flow of migrants from these countries to Russia. As you know, the Russian Federation puts forward knowledge of the Russian language as one of the requirements for their stay on its territory.

In addition, migrants from Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan who do not know him find themselves in difficult situations, and most importantly, they do not legal position. So, it is in their own interests to master the language of the host country.

Learning Russian is probably the easiest and fastest way to solve the problem of unemployment in the countries of the Central Asian region. It is much more difficult to solve it by economic methods. In particular, I am referring to the creation of conditions for ensuring employment of the population, reducing the level of labor migration, especially from the countryside.

In other words, the growing interest of the population in the study of the Russian language, in my opinion, has purely economic motives. But it may have political implications in the future.

Ayman Zhusupova, IMEP expert at the Foundation of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan:"The positions of the Russian language will be preserved"

- Both in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, the Russian language is still widespread as a means of communication in everyday life, as the main source of information in the scientific, and above all, in the scientific and technical sphere. But the level of his knowledge and study is declining, and this is especially true of the outback.

Researchers note that, for example, in Uzbekistan, when switching to the Latin alphabet, the authorities were unable to ensure the translation of a huge layer of scientific literature into it (although they originally intended to). As a result, a whole generation was left behind in terms of obtaining a quality education, which studied in schools based on the new alphabet.

Accordingly, today a quality education can only be obtained there in Russian. The initiators of the reform did not take into account that the transformation of such a basic parameter of culture and life in general requires personnel and time. Until now, many books in the Uzbek language are published on the basis of the Cyrillic alphabet, which is explained by the habit, ease of perception of such a text by both scientists and the readership. The demand for the Russian language in Uzbekistan is evidenced, in particular, by the fact that the Russian Center for Science and Culture in Tashkent (RCSC) will open 12 regional branches in the coming years in order to raise the level of knowledge of the local population and youth.

As for Tajikistan, the authorities of the country openly declare the existence of a real needs in Russian. In this regard, the wave of criticism that has risen in social networks about the level of knowledge of the Russian language by the Tajik Minister of Education and Science is indicative.

On the whole, both in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, Russian is still the language of interethnic communication, the main means of communication between the urban intelligentsia, officials and businessmen, but the degree of its distribution has significantly narrowed.

Separately, it is worth noting that for citizens of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan it is important to know Russian and due to the fact that Russia is the main migration recipient of these countries. Ignorance of the Russian language entails negative consequences for labor migrants, including legal helplessness, a system of double exploitation.

Kazakhstan, analyzing and taking into account the experience of introducing the Latin alphabet in these countries, approaches the situation pragmatically. In our country, the transition to it is also perceived as a solution that will allow us to more successfully integrate into the world community. But at the same time there is an understanding that moving away from the Russian language will entail the loss of a huge layer of cultural and scientific heritage created in Cyrillic. Therefore, the authorities are trying to make the transition smoothly, maintaining the positions of the Russian language, Cyrillic and gradually increasing the importance of the state language, for which there is a great demand today.

The fundamental difference between our situation is that only the Kazakh language is being translated into Latin, while the positions of Russian will remain, and it will continue to be used in Cyrillic. We have an understanding that the translation of the Kazakh language into a new alphabet is a complex, multifaceted and lengthy process that affects the social, political, cultural foundations of the life of many social groups of the population. At the same time, the transition to a new alphabet will allow modernizing the language, uniting the Kazakh ethnic group due to an equal start in learning.

However, it is necessary to analyze in great detail the mistakes that have taken place in neighboring countries in order not to get the same consequences.

Miras Nurmukhanbetov, one of the founders of the forum "Zhana Kazakhstan":“You cannot interrupt the language of Pushkin and Saltykov-Shchedrin with the language of Putin and Kiselev”

- It is difficult for me to judge what exactly the goal is pursued by “increasing the number of classes with Russian as the language of instruction. It could be anything. For example, the goal may be the adaptation of Uzbek and Tajik guest workers in Russia, because it is no secret that their remittances to their homeland not only help their families survive, but also significantly replenish the budgets of these countries. Uzbeks transfer about four billion dollars, and Tajiks - about two and a half billion annually. Knowledge of the Russian language will allow increasing these amounts, ensuring the safety of guest workers in Russian cities and gradually ridding them of the image of “dzhamshut” and “ravshan”.

There may be a political component as well. If Dushanbe and was previously in the zone of direct influence of Moscow, then Tashkent, due to some changes in its foreign policy vector (which your newspaper also wrote about), may have decided to liberalize the “language issue”. Here, by the way, we should note the increase in the activity of the Russian-language media (local, as well as Russian, focused on Central Asia), which began to receive grants and promote the main provisions of the current political course of the Kremlin.

If we talk separately about Tajikistan, then this may be a natural process, since the Russian language is the language of interethnic communication, as evidenced by the 2nd article of the Constitution of this country. Perhaps the number of Russian schools and classes (as well as Tajik ones) is increasing simply due to population growth, and from Russia everything is seen the way she wants. In Uzbekistan, the number of not only schools, but also lyceums and colleges with Russian as the language of instruction is constantly growing. As, however, and the total number of educational institutions, which is associated with demographic trends.

As for "win or lose", that is their internal affair, even if through the “language issue” someone is trying to revive the empire, create its southern outpost or something else like that. In general, objectively speaking, no one has yet lost because he knows many languages, but at the same time does not forget his native one. By the way, representatives of the “non-titular” nations in these republics know the language of the “natives” very well, which cannot be said about our country.

What about Kazakhstan? I think there is nothing to analyze here. Unless, of course, you do not artificially pedal the problem from one side or the other. Let the extreme right natspats do it or the most ardent champions of the "Russian world". In fact, the Russian language is the most widespread in our country and, in many respects, is ahead of Kazakh, if not to say - dominates over it. Although the guardians of the "great and mighty" on this and that side of the border stubbornly refuse to recognize this fact.

As for my attitude to the Russian language, I adhere to the following formula: you cannot interrupt the language of Pushkin and Saltykov Shchedrin with the language of Putin and Kiselev. These are completely different languages, although they may sound the same.

Aigul Omarova, political scientist:"Interest determines the economy"

- There is nothing surprising in the fact that Uzbekistan and Tajikistan are again turning to the Russian language, increasing the number of classes with instruction in it, and inviting teachers from Russia. It is necessary to raise the economy, keep up with new trends, master innovative technologies and methods, which implies a different quality of knowledge. In this regard, it is unlikely that Western countries are interested in the above-mentioned republics, since there are no special natural resources that they could “lay their eyes on”. Therefore, the nearest neighbors remain. By the way, even before, in Soviet times, in these republics, national languages ​​were predominantly used. Today's renaissance, I repeat, is connected with the need to develop the economy, and technology, machines and other things that can be obtained from Russia should largely contribute to this. In other words, economics determines interest.

Thanks to the knowledge of the Russian language, these republics will benefit not only economically, but also in the social sphere. After all, Russia is opening its universities there, and Tajikistan and Uzbekistan will begin to receive qualified specialists, and this already a guarantee of raising living standards in these countries. Consequently, the reasons for social conflicts will decrease. In addition, issues of national security are of no small importance, and here it is better to interact using the Russian language.

Where can these countries lose? Fears that Tajiks or Uzbeks will forget their native language are hardly justified. After all, they absorb it with their mother's milk, and in families they still speak their native languages ​​more.

As for Kazakhstan, we have a different picture due to the fact that the Kazakh land has been a homeland for representatives of different peoples from time immemorial. In this regard, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan are more monolingual countries. We, on the contrary, need to focus on learning the Kazakh language, but not at all the one that some so-called civil activists insist on.

For example, I have not met a single Russian or Tatar who would be against learning the Kazakh language and introducing it into office work. Another thing is that some native speakers are extremely aggressive in their demands to speak only Kazakh, forgetting about constitutional norms and human rights. Professor Masanov was right when he argued that it was impossible to introduce the Kazakh language by order. I would also add that aggression does not change the situation. A different approach is required. By the way, it is bewildering that the head of the department that develops the new Kazakh alphabet and is responsible for the fate of the Kazakh language is a man who was suspected of financial violations a few years ago. Agree that this is not credible.

In order for the Kazakh language to become truly in demand, it is time to stop any speculation on this topic and introduce punishment for them, up to

criminal. It is necessary to start organizing free courses, clubs for the study of the Kazakh language. There is money for this - all that is needed is political will. And, of course, more programs, publications in the Kazakh language are required, but without didactics and moralizing from pundits. We need live speech of authoritative people. Remember how the writer Gerold Belger described the polysemy of the Kazakh language, giving examples of how the Kazakhs named horses depending on age. Right now, this is exactly what is needed so that people feel the richness of vocabulary and feel interest in learning the Kazakh language.

It would be good if all these efforts were directed by scientists to restore historical justice on the basis of a meticulous study of real facts and events of the past. So no, after all, the path of historical science is given into the hands of a handful of dilettantes engaged in inventing and concocting conclusions.
The consequences of such a policy could be disastrous for the future of any country, including Kazakhstan. Recently, in the Kazakh media, we increasingly meet new "discoveries" in the study of the history and ethnogenesis of the Kazakh people. Moreover, each time the authors of articles known and unknown to us surprise the audience with new "Kazakh fantasy" more and more. One gets the impression that they treat historical problems like schoolchildren treat topics for free writing.

What is the reason for such an irresponsible approach to the history of their people? Or is it, after all, a political order from the authorities, seeking to throw dust in the eyes of the people and divert their attention from the pressing problems that have accumulated in the country?
Let's take just one example - the thesis that the current Kazakhs are not Kazakhs at all, but Uzbeks. Accordingly, the Uzbeks are not who we take them for. Newly minted "historians" like Toregali Tashenov begin to talk about this quite seriously, and their ideas are adopted by journalists like Serik Maleev ("When the Kazakhs were Uzbeks." - Megapolis, No. 23 (338) dated 06/18/2007, "Kazakhs as an object of imitation and adoration ... of the Uzbek and world media. "- Megapolis, No. 10 (325) dated 03/19/2007). It seems that it would be more useful for Mr. Maleev to first study serious historiographic literature, including Kazakh authors.

And in the case of Maleev, there is no need to go far at all. His senior colleague in the newspaper "Megapolis" Akhas Tazhutov in the article "The Kazakh batyr Er-Targyn was the nephew of Ivan the Terrible" writes the following on the issue of ethnohistorical kinship: "And now about the Kazakhs. At first, the entire population of the White Horde was called "Uzbeks". The concept of Kazakhs and The Kazakh Khanate appeared when part of the nomadic tribes of the Eastern Desht-i-Kipchak did not want to obey Abulkhair Khan and, under the command of the grandson of Urus Khan Dzhanybek and his relative Giray, went to the valley of the Chu and Talas rivers.

Here is what Mahmud ibn Walid writes about this: “Some of the descendants of Tuka-Timur Khan, the son of Jochi Khan, for example, Kirai Khan and Dzhanybek Khan ... left the circle of subordination and obedience and preferred to leave their homeland, abandoning the inherited countries...".

How were these khans and the nomads who supported them to be called by the population of nearby specific possessions and states and their rulers? After all, from the point of view of the latter, they were rebels, people seeking independence? That's right - Kazakhs (Cossacks). Which, in fact, happened. I think that the authorship here belongs to the Shaybanids. Because the association of tribes that left with Muhammad Shaibani to Central Asia retained the name "Uzbek". The tribes that broke away from them for some time were called "Uzbek-Kazakhs" (that is, "Uzbeks who separated from their own"), and then simply "Kazakhs". In this matter, whatever one may say, it does not turn out that Muhammad Shaibani Khan left for Central Asia only with his bodyguards. All medieval historians (Ibn Khaldun, Abulgazi Khan and others) are unanimous in their opinion that, together with the sultans Janibek and Girey, only a small part of the population of Desht-i-Kipchak left Abulkhair Khan at the beginning of the 15th century. There is no exact information, but somewhere from 25% to 1/3 of the population, at best. And after the defeat of Muhammad Shaibani Khan in the struggle for his father's inheritance, most of his army (and the population that roamed with him) left for Maverannahr, and part - the Mangits - founded the Nogai Horde and did not enter the Kazakh Khanate, created in 1456.
In the historical literature, the state that Abulkhair Khan created is known as the State of nomadic Uzbeks (or the Uzbek Khanate), and no one disputes this. It appeared in the 20s. XV century on the steppe spaces of modern Kazakhstan as a result of the collapse of the Ak-Orda and civil strife of the Jochids.

Abulkhair Khan managed to maintain an independent khanate and power for forty years. The ethnic composition of the population of the khanate was as complex as the composition of the population of Ak-Orda. It included, basically, the same tribes as in this political association. At the end of the XIV - the first half of the XV centuries, these tribes were known under the common collective ethno-political name "Uzbeks". After the death of Abulkhair Khan, his grandson Muhammad Shaibani had to wage a long and stubborn struggle for power in the steppe with the Kazakh khans, who, having returned from Moghulistan, created the Kazakh Khanate. Thus, part of the tribes that were previously part of the nomadic Uzbeks began to be called Kazakhs - free people or hermits (breakaways). It was the same with the appearance of the Cossacks in the history of Russia, and with their Turkic definition. By the way, Akhas Tazhutov puts forward the same theory.

We will stop at this for now, because in order to clarify the issue under discussion, first of all, it will be necessary to clarify for ourselves the essence of the concept of "ethnogenesis", i.e. the origin of the people. Ethnogenesis is one of the branches of ethnology. Its task is to determine the origin of a particular people by identifying its ethnic and historical roots. To do this, the researcher must be guided not by popular sociological theories, but by the principle of historicism, and data from historical primary sources should be of decisive importance.

However, the assertion that the current Kazakhs were those Uzbeks who later allegedly “gave” their name to the so-called “Sarts”, who inhabited the territory of modern Uzbekistan, does not have the necessary scientific justification and confirmation. This betrays the authors who purposefully try to impose their point of view on us, passing off wishful thinking as reality. An analysis of their argumentation gives reason to speak of a deliberate falsification of history.

The ethnogenesis of the Uzbek people in its late period is really connected with the ethnic history of the Dashtikipchak nomadic Uzbeks. But this component is the latest in the ethnic history of the Uzbeks. He did not introduce anything new into the process of the formation of this people, since he was already present in it. It is known that some Turkic-Mongolian tribes, long before the appearance of the Uzbeks of Shaibani Khan in Maverannahr and Khorasan, lived both in the steppes of Dasht-i-Kipchak and in Maverannahr.

For example, the Uighurs formed part of the population both in the possessions of Abulkhair Khan and in the state of the Timurids. In addition to them, in Maverannahr, long before the appearance of the nomadic Uzbeks and Mongols, the Ktai also lived, meanwhile, the Ktai were also among the tribes of Abulkhair and Shaibani Khan. The same situation was observed among the Karluks. And those who led a sedentary lifestyle in cities were called Sarts. Moreover, the Kazakhs, i.e. former nomadic Uzbeks also called their fellow tribesmen Sarts, who settled in settlements and cities, lost their kinship with them and connection with their way of life. Together with the settled Turkic-speaking population, the Persian-speaking population (Tajiks, Iranians, etc.) was also referred to the Sarts.

The well-known scientist and the only professional ethnologist in Kazakhstan, N. E. Masanov, in one of his interviews about the ethnogenesis of the Kazakh people, said: "If you were born at least for three nine lands, but wander among the Kazakhs, you are a nomad, you are a Kazakh. But if your parents are Kazakhs , and you live in the city, you are a Sart. You are not a Kazakh."

That is, they got the name according to the way of life and management. Thus, the use of "Sart" as an ethnonym (albeit a former one) of one people in itself shows that the new "researchers" are far from historical science. And, finally, analyzes based on the use of Kazakh traditions and legends, which have at least something in common with some historical dates and events, as a rule, lead to such a result, when researchers look for and find in oral sources only what they initially identified for themselves as "truth". And what contradicts their "truth", they try not to notice, and go away from interpretation, so as not to destroy their own initially false theses.

If we approach our issue objectively, then we can say with a high degree of certainty that the nomadic Uzbeks joined the ancient settled agricultural Turkic population of Mesopotamia and, having adopted its language, became part of it. In fact, the whole history of peoples and ethnic groups develops along this path.
A historical monument and one of the proofs of the above is the "Book of the Bukhara guest", compiled by Ruzbekhan Isfahansky. Historical monuments of that time are the "Book of Genealogy of His Majesty, the All-Merciful Vicegerent, Shaibani Khan", "The Book of Shaibani Khan" by Mulla Benai, "Abulkhair Khan History", written by Masud bin Osman-i-Kukhistani by order of Shaybanid Abdullatif Khan . In these historical works, you can find the truth that the newly-minted "experts" on the ethnogenesis of the Uzbek and Kazakh peoples want to distort.

It is likely that conceptual errors in the modern historiography of Kazakhstan will continue to arise, since this science is currently experiencing a deep crisis. According to the Kazakh scientists themselves, the paradox is that in modern Kazakhstan there is not a single professional specialist in the history and culture of the nomadic society. In Soviet times, only three specialists were considered such - doctors of science Kh. Argynbaev, M. Mukanov and N. Masanov.
On this occasion, N. Masanov says the following: "The Kazakhs themselves do not understand and do not want to appreciate their history and culture. They always want to cling to someone else's glory, to someone else's history, to someone else's culture. You look at what they write in our school history textbooks : we had cities. What cities? There were never cities in Kazakhstan. They begin to invent fairy tales about Otrar, libraries and other nonsense. All this is not scientific. We must clearly understand - we were nomads. Our ancestors were nomads. Our history and culture - nomadic. And we should be able to understand and appreciate our nomadic history and culture, and not invent cities, libraries, agricultural fields, irrigation facilities and the like. Nomads never recognized territorial-administrative boundaries, because they interfered with the system of rational grazing ".

But last year, Dr. N. Masanov was not among us either. Meanwhile, in Kazakhstan, the increasing mythologization of Kazakh history continues. Yerbol Kurmanbayev, deputy editor-in-chief of the Svoboda Slova newspaper, wrote about this in his article "800 million tenge per article". As he notes, "stupid and superficial falsification of history will lead to the fact that soon the whole world will laugh at the Kazakhs."

I would like to ask what goals are pursued by "one-time" authors on the ethnic history of the peoples of Central Asia and their customers, trying to create new pseudo-sciences and looking for "blue blood" among their relatives. It is known, after all, that the history of each nation is unique in its own way and deserves deep respect. The opposite can only be said by ignoramuses or people who are ready to fulfill someone's order "at any cost", even at the cost of losing respect among colleagues in journalism or science.

Fate threw me, a Kazakh, to Uzbekistan, and I suddenly found that I feel like a black sheep here. No, I have a great job, my child has found a bunch of common interests with local children, I sincerely communicate with my neighbors. The stumbling block was ... men. I suddenly realized that the Uzbeks are not at all the same as the Kazakhs. And since I have never met a man of a different nationality, this was a revelation for me: that getting to know, meeting and spending time with Uzbek men is a barrier to all this.

Let's look at what differences and similarities I found between Kazakhs and Uzbeks. Everything I say is based on deeply personal, individual feelings and can in no way be classified as official statements. I'm just sharing.

1. Among the Uzbeks there are very nice types, but every time I arrive in Kazakhstan, I note that Kazakh men are much more attractive. I will take the liberty of saying that every second man in our country is attractive and handsome. I never considered the Kazakhs beautiful, maybe my eyes were blurred here and all the Kazakh men were like brothers to me. Now, torn from my native places, I began to miss my hometown, and when I manage to walk along my favorite streets and cafes, I note to myself: “Oh, how cute! And this one! And this one too!” It turns out that I had to go to another country in order to understand how beautiful the Kazakhs are. I am grateful for this discovery, because now I look at Kazakh men with a more flirtatious look.

2. Uzbek men are very touchy. I tried to understand why they are so sensitive, but so far the mystery has not been solved. The feeling of resentment is generally more inherent in children, for them it is a tool to attract attention or some real benefits. But for Uzbek men, this is some kind of habitual style of behavior. For example, from the first day of my arrival I go and think: should I buy a car here or not. I tried to find out from many men how much a used car costs, but since the country has its own manufacturer, everyone buys only new cars. Once we were sitting with colleagues at dinner, and I again asked this sacramental question: “How much can a second-hand car cost in Uzbekistan?” never cared about it. A tense silence hung in the air, and I decided to save the situation: “Damn, the Uzbeks are cool, they only buy new cars!” From the look of the men at the table, I realized that with this one phrase I managed to offend everyone at once. The joke was not appreciated.

The Kazakhs in this regard seem to me more calm and sober - it is easier to discuss the problem with them, which is called “no offense”, they do not translate the issue into the plane of clarifying personal relationships. By the way, Uzbeks are distinguished not only by touchiness. It is very difficult to get forgiveness from them. So consider this moment: be more restrained and do not offend the Uzbek man, remember: there is no way back to earn his understanding and forgiveness.

3. Psychologists at Bar-Ilan University conducted a study, during which they found out that women with increased libido become very demanding and picky in choosing partners during long-term abstinence. It is not known for certain why scientists studied Uzbek women with increased libido, but the fact remains, and this, by the way, is noticeable to the naked eye: for the most part, Uzbek women are insanely temperamental women 24/7. Uzbek men have to exist in a more intense mode of sexual activity. But this is a reason not only for reproaches towards Kazakh men. In sex, cause and effect often change places: maybe we, Kazakhs, have something to think about here.

4. I officially declare: contrary to the existing myth about the excessive cunning of Uzbeks, Uzbek men are not cunning! As La Rochefoucauld rightly remarked: “Truly clever people pretend all their lives to abhor cunning, but in fact they simply neglect it for exceptional cases that promise exceptional benefits.” Uzbeks and exclusive benefits are incompatible.

A banal deceit is a completely different matter: this is when you are misled when they say one thing and do another, or when they promise something, but they themselves do not even know what they are talking about. And here, unfortunately, I often have to deal with deception. Uzbeks do not attach serious importance to deceit, they consider it to be something innocent. But this does not indicate differences with the Kazakhs, but rather a similarity: among the Kazakhs, this is also very common - each of us has a little of Aldar-Kose.

5. Kazakh men are more resolute: said - done. Sometimes they even overdo it: they did it and didn't say anything. The fact that Uzbek men are indecisive, I realized when my colleague for a whole week, literally every day, tormented me with the question of whether he should go on vacation or not. He didn't know what to do with his vacation. Another example: in the first month I hired a driver for myself, after a week I noticed that he was somehow restless and slightly irritated - it turned out that this was due to the fact that he was torn in the mornings and evenings between me and another person whom he drove . It was necessary to have time both there and here by 9 o’clock to bring the two of us to work at two different addresses. I kept waiting for the driver to say that he was not on time, but he was silent like a fish. I had to take everything into my own hands: I began to find out what was the reason for his lateness and nervousness, but only after a couple of days of active pressure did he admit: “It seems to me that I will have to quit, because I probably don’t have time.” "Hooray!" I exclaimed to myself. It was a small victory - the Uzbek man made a firm and final decision in front of my eyes. I was happy for both of us.

6. Uzbek men are very fond of talking. Considering that our women usually complain that their men do not talk to them at all, then women are lucky here. Uzbeks are ready to discuss with you whatever you want and whom you want, in all details and details - even in those that you have not even thought about yet. Upon arrival in Tashkent on the very first weekend, my colleagues invited me to the club. After a couple of cocktails, I, as usual, started dancing - this was, in fact, why I came (and why else would people go to a club?!). Nearby was a guy who also danced very cheerfully, and after dancing with him, I returned to my people again. After a couple of minutes, the “dancer” came up to meet me, and within an hour I knew everything about him: where he lived, how he lived and with whom, I found out about his divorce, how he suffered, what was expensive in Uzbekistan and what was not. He told me what Uzbeks really are, and finally warned me not to be too kind and polite here, otherwise others would perceive it as weakness.

7. Maybe Kazakh men are taciturn, but that they are quick-witted is 100%. In general, have you thought about what intelligence is? In short, it is the ability to find exclusive, non-obvious or workarounds to solve a problem. And achieve your goal without violating the established rules. Gentlemen, the Uzbeks do not think about this, which is probably why sometimes their decisions are like an ax to the forehead. I ordered a service in my office - to paste over glass partitions with a matte film. The glass itself turned out to be 110 cm wide, and the matte film was only 100 cm wide, I found out when I accepted the job. First, we met with the "pasters", discussed how we want, where and what kind of inscriptions to make, and so on. We come in two days to accept the work and see: they came up with a crazy idea to glue the matte film transversely, and it turned out that they had enough width, but at the same time they categorically neglected the height. They glued everything transversely with terrible joints in three rows. I couldn't even swear, I just laughed to tears. Having calmed down, we asked to redo the work, the guys redid it, but even here they made an equally incredible decision. A film 100 cm wide was glued to one side and a strip was glued to the remaining 10 cm from the other side. When I threw them the idea of ​​placing 100 cm in the center, leaving five-centimeter stripes around the edges, and asked: “Wouldn’t it look more beautiful and harmonious?” Workers experienced cognitive dissonance.

8. Kazakhs are lazy - Uzbeks are hardworking. There was a joke on FB that if you are Kazakh and get up early, sweep the yard, then go to work, then come back, cook pilaf and clean the cauldron - don't do it, otherwise you will turn into an Uzbek! Before, I also thought that the Uzbeks are very hardworking, and the Kazakhs are one lazier than the other. Now I can say the opposite: knowing the Kazakhs, it's hard to believe it, right? But when you get to know the Uzbeks better, you will understand that they are hardworking only where it is necessary to slaughter a sheep and cook pilaf. Due to tradition, the Uzbek must get up early, because at a wedding, funeral or circumcision, they must serve plov for neighbors and other guests by six in the morning. To cook it, you have to wake up very early. The fact that an Uzbek sweeps the yard, washes the cauldron and happily goes to work, where he works hard, is a myth. Probably the most correct formulation is this: we are equally lazy. This is the East, baby, this is the East.

9. What do Uzbeks havedo not take away- they are very friendly. They greet you like an old and beloved friend, even if you don't know each other, but just collided, for example, at the door or ended up in the same elevator. The same people will greet you every time, like the first time, five times a day. And it is important that when Uzbeks ask you "How are you?" - there is no formality in this. They are really interested in how you are doing and want to hear back about your family, health, mood, work ... In general, you can’t get off with a simple “normal”. It would be nice for us, in Kazakhstan, to become just as friendly.

It is clear that any gradations are never exact, and because of this they are very doubtful. The British are prim, the Italians are cheerful, the Americans are impudent - in each of these statements there is already a mistake. Because someday you will definitely meet a sad Italian or a familiar Englishman. Just as easily, you can cross paths with the most honest Uzbek or the talkative Kazakh. But, despite this, the general trends that are characteristic of a particular nationality are still captured.

But the most important thing is not how we differ, but what we have in common. We have common borders, the Syr Darya, Nauryz and Ait, manti and plov, respect for the elderly, intricate steppe roads and slender mosques. We are motley, noisy, hospitable Asia, where we are one piece on the common geographical map, and Uzbekistan is next to it. And the only way for us is to be friends and accept each other with all our oddities and character traits.

Hello, in short, I live in Kazakhstan and do SEO. And somehow I decided to write an article “Why Kazakhs?” How I searched for these 77 questions, and why I will write at the end of the post, so I recommend reading to the end.

Why Kazakhs?

If he says why I am writing about the Kazakhs, it is because I am a Kazakh myself. And I decided to answer the 77 most interesting questions for people related to the Kazakhs. Here is my personal opinion, which may be different from yours. If so, then write about it in the comments. And so let's go, the second question.

Why do Kazakhs circumcise?

Firstly, most Kazakhs are Muslims, and secondly, from the point of view of hygiene and health, circumcision is useful. And yes, this is probably part of our tradition, and there are many customs associated with this custom.

Kazakhs fled to China?

Yes, there was such a thing, if I am not mistaken, in 1929-33, when there was a great famine in our land, as a result of the policy of the USSR. At that time, a lot of Kazakhs died, several million. And in order to survive, part of our people fled to neighboring countries.

Do Kazakhs speak Russian?

Yes, almost all Kazakhs speak Russian, and this can also be said because of the policy of the USSR. But Kazakhs also speak other languages: Turkish, German, English, Ukrainian, Chinese, and many other languages.

Do Kazakhs speak Russian without an accent?

Yes, the Kazakhs speak Russian without an accent, sometimes better than the Russians themselves, and sometimes worse. Depending on the region of residence.

Kazakhs are divided into zhuzes?

Yes, our people are divided into zhuzes, this is connected, as I think, with Genghis Khan, and how he controlled his army. So there were zhuzes - hundreds. It also depends on where you live. We have three zhuzes and two groups:

• Kishi (younger) zhuz
• Orta (middle) zhuz
• Uly (higher) zhuz
• Ak Suyek, white bone, blue blood
• And ru not included in the zhuzes

Approximate territories of nomadic zhuzes at the beginning of the 20th century. Senior zhuz (indicated in pink), Middle zhuz (in orange), Junior zhuz (in green).

Kazakhs are divided into ru?

Each zhuz consists of ru, there are more than 200 thousand of them, according to Wikipedia. Each ru has its own distinctive sign and motto. My ru for example is called Kypshak.

Do Kazakhs love Russian girls?

This is one of the questions to which I cannot give a more precise answer. Yes, they probably love, like Kazakh girls, and others. I would not single out Russian girls.

Are Kazakhs strong in boxing?

Oddly enough, boxing is one of the sports in which the Kazakhs are strong. We have a good school, on a par with the Cuban and other schools. Our athletes often win various prizes at international competitions, especially at the Olympics. You may know such famous boxers as: Gennady Golovkin, Serik Sapiev, Beibut Shumenov, Kanat Islam, and many others.

Do Kazakhs buy cars in Russia?

This is part of the history of modern Kazakhstan, associated with devaluation. Sometimes it happens that the dollar falls in our country, but not in the Russian Federation, and there prices remain at the same level, and then our people leave in large groups for Russia to buy cars from local sellers, for themselves, or for resale on the local market with an extra charge. I may be wrong with this question, write your opinion in the comments.

Why are Kazakhs Asians?

Well, because we live in Asia, but we are not very similar to the Chinese, Koreans, or Japanese. Rather, we are not Asians, but Turks.

Why are Kazakhs poor?

As much as I dislike politics, I will say that most Kazakhs are poor because of politics, and the misallocation of resources and wealth of the country.

Why did the Kazakhs flee to China?

Why do Kazakhs circumcise?

Why are Kazakhs divided into zhuzes?

Why are Kazakhs divided into ru?

Why do Kazakhs eat with their hands?

In fact, everyone eats with their hands, but in our country this is probably connected with the main dish beshbarmak (besbarmak, ettin nana, besh), meat with dough that is eaten with hands.

Why do Kazakhs marry Russians?

I don’t know the exact statistics, maybe they just liked each other.

Why are Kazakhs envious?

Envy is a vice that all people suffer, it would not be singled out from the Kazakhs.

Why did the Kazakhs engage in nomadic cattle breeding?

Because we were a nomadic people, and a warlike people, moving mostly on horseback. And in terms of saving labor, it is much easier to move from one place to another, as long as the food eaten by livestock grows in one place. Compared to how much time, effort, and resources it takes to grow the necessary crop, plants to feed the entire people.

Why do Kazakhs greet with both hands?

Also a tradition, a sign of respect for the interlocutor.

Why do Kazakhs know Russian?

Why did the Kazakhs wander?

Why do Kazakhs love tea?

Kazakhs love to eat, sit with friends, relatives, acquaintances and just chat, then tea comes in well. Tea has become our culture, it is even bottled in different ways.

Why are Kazakhs short?

The average height of the Kazakhs is high, rarely met small Kazakhs. Well, depending on whom to compare.

Why Kazakhs are mambets?

Initially, the word mambet denoted a male name common among the Turks. But later they often began to use it as a humiliation, denoting people who came from the countryside, an analogue of cattle.

Why don't Kazakhs speak Kazakh?

I consider it the result of the policy of the USSR, and a bad development at the present time. And yes, a small amount of content in the Kazakh language, at the present time. It’s just that many more studied in Russian, and it took root very strongly. But in recent years I have noticed a small positive trend in the popularization of the Kazakh language.

Why don't Kazakhs eat fish?

No, we eat fish, we just eat horse meat more. But in the west of Kazakhstan they eat a lot of fish.

Why don't Kazakhs marry Russians?

Well, what can I say, tradition is probably, but as I wrote above, Kazakhs marry Russians too.

Why do Kazakhs dislike Kalmyks?

Directly so that there is hatred, it does not exist, perhaps it used to be associated with our common history.

Why Kazakhs don't like Kyrgyz?

I won’t say that there is no love either, on the basis of a common history, something happened.

Why do Kazakhs not like cats?

Why Kazakhs don't like Naimans?

Because they are cunning and active, and most Kazakhs from other ru are not like that. But there is no hate here either.

Why Kazakhs don't like Tatars?

Why Kazakhs do not like Uzbeks?

Also on the basis of a common history.

Why do Kazakhs dislike Uighurs?

I don't know either.

Why are Kazakhs ugly?

I haven't seen them, they're all beautiful in their own way.

Why do Kazakhs sniff children?

I don't know, maybe they just smell good. Why don't other nations sniff their children?

Why are the Kazakhs late?

This is a tradition.

Why do Kazakhs give their first child to their parents?

Now there seems to be no such thing, before such a practice was, as I know, because the first children were born in the village, and they were left to their parents, and they themselves left for the city in search of a better life, and in the hope that later they would take the children back when they settled there.

Why do Kazakhs switch to Latin?

As for me, this is another opportunity to squander the state. budget. Although there are many advantages to switching to the Latin alphabet. And earlier in history, during the time of the Kazakh SSR, we had the Latin alphabet. Perhaps to facilitate the understanding of our language by English-speaking foreigners. Perhaps to reduce dependence on the Russian Federation.

Why do Kazakhs spit?

I don’t even know, maybe some people lack culture?

Why did the Kazakhs divide into zhuzes?

Why are Kazakhs strong?

Good genes.

Why do Kazakhs buy cars in Russia?

Why are Kazakhs swarthy?

I do not know the exact answer yet, but I will try to answer later.

Why are Kazakhs so rich?

Why are Kazakhs so beautiful?

Why are Kazakhs so cool?

Why are Kazakhs so different?

The answer is above.

Why do Kazakhs leave Kazakhstan?

Why are Kazakhs smart?

Here you can answer in different ways. But perhaps because for many Kazakhs life is not so easy, and you have to think with your head from childhood. That is why they are so smart.

Why are Kazakhs braggarts?

Why do Kazakhs speak Russian well?

Well, if for a hundred or more years he speaks it, then the result will be.

Why did I write this post?

Initially, this is an experiment to drive traffic to my blog, and an experiment to get a 0-th position in Google. If you read my blog, then you know that I do SEO, and for this experiment, I decided to try to collect traffic for the key query “Why Kazakhs?” and used .

With the help of it, I collected 77 additional requests related to the request. For now, I will watch how quickly the post is indexed, and whether it will bring traffic.

In the meantime, if you have read this far and you are interested in SEO, or want to promote your site in search engines and get more organic traffic, you can write about it in the comments, or in my personal telegram, or in my chat.

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